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Dorland's Medical Dictionary Category: Health and Medicine More specific: Medical Dictionary County & Date: US, Health and Medicine Words: 200

acylation
(a″sә-la´shәn) introduction of an acyl radical into the molecule of a compound.

acyl-CoA dehydrogenase
(a´sәl ko-a´ de-hi´dro-jәn-ās) any of several enzymes that catalyze the oxidation of acyl coenzyme A thioesters as a step in the degradation of fatty acids. Individual enzymes are specific for certain ranges of acyl chain lengths: long-chain a.-CoA d. (LCAD), medium-chain a.-CoA d. (MCAD), and short-cha...

acyl
(a´sәl) an organic radical derived from an organic acid by removal of the hydroxyl group from the carboxyl group.

acyl CoA
(a´sәl ko-a´) acyl coenzyme A.

acyl coenzyme A
(a´sәl ko-en´zīm) acyl CoA; a thiol ester of a carboxylic acid, particularly a long-chain fatty acid, and coenzyme A; its formation is the first step in fatty acid oxidation.

acyclovir
(a-si´klo-vēr) a synthetic acyclic purine nucleoside with selective antiviral activity against the human herpesviruses, used in treatment of genital and mucocutaneous herpesvirus infections in both immunocompromised patients and those who are not. Administered orally, topically, or intravenously.

acute vulvar ulcer
a nonvenereal, usually shallow lesion of the vulva, often associated with a febrile illness; its etiology is uncertain. Called also Lipschütz disease or ulcer.

acute yellow atrophy
former name for massive hepatic necrosis.

acyanotic
(a-si″ә-not´ik) not characterized or accompanied by cyanosis.

acute urticaria
that taking place within hours to a few days of the stimulus; some cases evolve into chronic urticaria.

acute undifferentiated leukemia
acute myelogenous leukemia in which the predominating cell is so immature and primitive that it cannot be classified. Called also stem cell leukemia.

acute tubular necrosis
acute renal failure with mild to severe damage or necrosis of tubule cells, usually secondary to either nephrotoxicity, ischemia after major surgery, trauma (see crush syndrome), severe hypovolemia, sepsis, or burns.

acute suppurative labyrinthitis
a type in which pus enters the labyrinth, usually through a fistula after middle ear infection or through temporal bone erosion from meningitis; it results in severe and often permanent vertigo and hearing loss. Called also bacterial or purulent labyrinthitis.

acute stress disorder
acute stress reaction an anxiety disorder characterized by development of anxiety, dissociation, and other symptoms within one month following exposure to an extremely traumatic event, the symptoms including reexperiencing the event, avoidance of trauma-related stimuli, anxiety or increased arousal, and some or all of the follow...

acute situational reaction
a transient, self-limiting acute emotional reaction to severe psychological stress. See acute stress disorder, adjustment disorder, posttraumatic stress disorder, and brief reactive psychosis.

acute splenic tumor
a swelling resulting from acute splenitis.

acute rheumatic arthritis
swelling, tenderness, and redness of many joints of the body, accompanying rheumatic fever.

acute rhinitis
common cold.

acute serous labyrinthitis
a type caused by chemical or toxic irritants that invade the labyrinth, usually from the middle ear. Called also sterile or toxic labyrinthitis.

acute retinal necrosis syndrome
necrotizing retinitis occurring with uveitis, retinal periarteritis, vasculitis, and hyalitis, and marked by retinal vascular narrowing and obstruction, exudates from the peripheral retina, patches of vitreous opacification, and severe loss of vision and often accompanied by retinal detachment. The etiology is viral.

acute respiratory distress syndrome
(ARDS) a group of symptoms accompanying fulminant pulmonary edema and resulting in acute respiratory failure; called also shock lung, wet lung, and many other names descriptive of etiology or clinical manifestations. Many etiologic factors have been associated with ARDS, including shock, fat embolism, fluid overlo...

acute radiation syndrome
a syndrome caused by exposure to a whole-body dose of over 1 gray of ionizing radiation. Symptoms, whose severity and time of onset depend on the size of the dose, include erythema, nausea and vomiting, fatigue, diarrhea, fever, petechiae, bleeding from the mucous membranes, reduction in the number of lymphocytes, granulo...

acute pneumonia
severe pneumonia of rapid onset.

acute posthemorrhagic anemia
hemorrhagic anemia.

acute promyelocytic leukemia
acute myelogenous leukemia in which more than half the cells are malignant promyelocytes, often associated with abnormal bleeding secondary to thrombocytopenia, decreased blood levels of fibrinogen, and decreased levels of factor V; it usually occurs in young adults. Called also promyelocytic leukemia.

acute phase response
a group of physiologic processes occurring soon after the onset of infection, trauma, inflammatory processes, and some malignant conditions. The most prominent change is a dramatic increase of acute phase proteins in the serum, especially C-reactive protein. Also seen are fever, increased vascular permeability, and a variety of...

acute phase protein
any of the non-antibody proteins found in increased amounts in serum during the acute phase response; they include C-reactive protein, serum amyloid A protein, fibrinogen, and α1-acid glycoprotein.

acute pharyngitis
a type that appears suddenly and usually runs its course in a few days, characterized by dryness and pain, especially on swallowing, followed by moisture of the pharynx, congestion of the mucous membrane, and fever.

acute pancreatitis
pancreatitis with sudden onset, fever, abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, tachycardia, and often increased blood levels of pancreatic enzymes. It may be accompanied by complications such as hemorrhaging or necrosis; see acute hemorrhagic pancreatitis and acute necrotizing pancreatitis.

acute otitis externa
acute infection of the cartilaginous external auditory meatus, caused by either a fungus (otomycosis) or a bacteria (acute bacterial otitis externa). It is common in swimmers and in hot, humid weather. Symptoms include pain and swelling, sometimes with formation of a circumscribed furuncle (circumscribed otitis externa). Called...

acute nonlymphocytic leukemia
acute myelogenous leukemia.

acute organic brain syndrome
delirium. occasionally, a term used to denote the acute form of an organic mental syndrome.

acute nephritic syndrome
the sudden onset of hematuria, proteinuria, diminished urine production, azotemia, hypertension, and edema; the clinical manifestation of acute glomerulonephritis.

acute necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis
(ANUG) acute ulcerative gingivitis necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis.

acute necrotizing pancreatitis
a severe type of acute pancreatitis accompanied by necrosis of pancreatic tissue and the surrounding area, often with leakage of pancreatic enzymes to cause chemical imbalances; it often progresses to multiple organ failure and death.

acute necrotizing hemorrhagic encephalomyelitis
a rare, fatal postinfection or allergic demyelinating disease of the central nervous system, having a fulminating course and occurring mainly in young adults. It is characterized by destruction of the white matter to the point of liquefaction; widespread necrosis of blood vessel walls leading to the formation of multiple ...

acute myocardial infarction
(AMI) a myocardial infarction that occurs during the period when circulation to a region of the heart is obstructed and necrosis is happening.

acute myelomonocytic leukemia
one of the more common types of acute myelogenous leukemia, characterized by both malignant monocytes and myeloblasts; it usually affects middle aged to older adults. See also chronic myelomonocytic leukemia.

acute myeloid leukemia
acute myeloblastic leukemia (def. 1). acute myelogenous leukemia.

acute myelocytic leukemia
acute myelogenous leukemia(AML) acute leukemia of the myelogenous type, one of the two major categories of acute leukemia; most types are seen in adults. Symptoms include anemia, fatigue, weight loss, easy bruising, thrombocytopenia, and granulocytopenia that leads to persistent bacterial infections. Several ...

acute myeloblastic leukemia
a common kind of acute myelogenous leukemia, in which myeloblasts predominate; it usually occurs in infants and middle-aged to older adults. Two types are distinguished; those with minimal cell differentiation or maturation and those with more advanced differentiation. acute myelogenous leukemia.

acute monocytic leukemia
an uncommon form of acute myelogenous leukemia in which the predominating cells are monocytes, with sometimes a few myelocytes. It can affect any age group. Called also monocytic leukemia.

acute megakaryoblastic leukemia
acute megakaryocytic leukemia a form of acute myelogenous leukemia in which megakaryocytes are predominant and platelets are increased in the blood, often with fibrosis; it can occur at any age. Called also megakaryoblastic or megakaryocytic leukemia.

acute lymphoblastic leukemia
(ALL) acute lymphocytic leukemia acute leukemia of the lymphoblastic type, one of the two major categories of acute leukemia, primarily affecting young children. Symptoms include anemia, fatigue, weight loss, easy bruising, thrombocytopenia, granulocytopenia with bacterial infections, bone pain, lymphadenopathy, en...

acute lichenoid pityriasis
an acute or subacute type usually found on the trunk, characterized by papular or vesicular eruptions, crusting, necrosis, and hemorrhage; when it heals it leaves scarring and is followed by more lesions. Progression to chronic lichenoid pityriasis may occur. Called also pityriasis lichenoides et varioliformis acuta.

acute leukemia
leukemia in which the involved cell line shows little or no differentiation, usually consisting of blast cells; two types are distinguished, acute lymphoblastic leukemia and acute myelogenous leukemia.

acute laryngotracheobronchitis virus
human parainfluenza viruses 1 and 2.

acute isolated myocarditis
an acute type of interstitial myocarditis of unknown etiology, marked by sudden onset, absence of endocarditis or pericarditis, and frequently death. Called also Fiedler or idiopathic myocarditis.

acute interstitial pneumonia
the acute form of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, now thought to represent a sequel to the acute respiratory distress syndrome. Called also Hamman-Rich syndrome.

acute intermittent porphyria
(AIP) a hereditary, autosomal dominant form of hepatic porphyria manifested by recurrent attacks of abdominal pain, gastrointestinal dysfunction, and neurologic disturbances, and by excessive amounts of δ-aminolevulinic acid and porphobilinogen in the urine; it is due to an abnormality of pyrrole metabolism.

acute idiopathic pericarditis
idiopathic pericarditis.

acute inflammation
inflammation, usually of sudden onset, marked by the classical signs of heat, redness, swelling, pain, and loss of function; vascular and exudative processes are predominant.

acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis
a highly contagious form due to infection with enteroviruses.

acute hemorrhagic pancreatitis
a condition due to autolysis of pancreatic tissue that is the result of escape of enzymes into the pancreatic substance; this results in hemorrhage inside the pancreas and into the surrounding tissues.

acute granulocytic leukemia
acute myelogenous leukemia.

acute hematogenous osteomyelitis
osteomyelitis resulting from localization of blood-borne bacteria in bone, usually seen in the long bones of children after blunt trauma or a nearby infection; the most common infecting organism is Staphylococcus aureus. When it spreads to the joints it is known as septic or bacterial arthritis.

acute glomerulonephritis
glomerulonephritis characterized by proteinuria, edema, hematuria, renal failure, and hypertension; it may be preceded by tonsillitis or febrile pharyngitis.

acute fungal otitis externa
otomycosis.

acute gastritis
sudden, severe gastritis, often with enteritis. Symptoms are generally pain and a distended feeling in the abdomen with loss of appetite and nausea; there may be a slight fever and vomiting. The most common causes are intake of aspirin or other nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs, food poisoning, overeating, excessive drinking ...

acute eosinophilic pneumonia
a condition resembling chronic eosinophilic pneumonia but with a more rapid onset and more limited duration, accompanied by acute respiratory failure and diffuse pulmonary infiltrates.

acute disseminated encephalitis
acute disseminated encephalomyelitis an acute or subacute encephalomyelitis or myelitis occurring most commonly following an acute viral infection, especially measles, but sometimes occurring without a recognizable antecedent. Clinical manifestations include fever, headache, vomiting, and drowsiness progressing to lethargy...

acute coronary syndrome
a classification encompassing clinical presentations ranging from unstable angina through myocardial infarctions not characterized by alterations in Q waves; the classification sometimes also includes myocardial infarctions characterized by altered Q waves.

acute compression triad
Beck triad.

acute contagious conjunctivitis
a contagious inflammation of the conjunctiva caused by Haemophilus aegypticus; secretions must be handled with extreme care to prevent its spread. Popularly known as pinkeye.

acute cholecystitis
a form usually due to obstruction of the gallbladder outlet, with signs ranging from mild edema and congestion to severe infection with gangrene and perforation.

acute chest syndrome
a complex of symptoms seen in patients with sickle cell disease, often due to a bacterial infection or to infarction of lung tissue; characteristics include severe chest pain, dyspnea, tachypnea, fever, excessive leukocytosis, pulmonary edema, and sometimes petechiae on the chest or conjunctivae as well as fat emboli. Dea...

acute brain syndrome
delirium.

acute care
the level of care in a health care system that consists of emergency treatment and intensive care. Called also secondary care.

acute bacterial otitis externa
acute otitis externa caused by a bacterial infection, usually with a species of Pseudomonas and less often with Staphylococcus and formation of a furuncle. See also circumscribed o. externa.

acute benign pericarditis
idiopathic pericarditis.

acute ascending spinal paralysis
acute idiopathic polyneuritis.

acute anterior poliomyelitis
the major illness of poliomyelitis; see poliomyelitis.

acute arthritis
arthritis marked by pain, heat, redness, and swelling.

acupuncture point
acupoint.

acus
(a´kәs) a needle or needle-like process.

acute
(ә-kūt´) sharp. having severe symptoms and a short course. Some serious illnesses that were formerly considered acute (such as myocardial infarction) are now recognized to be acute episodes of chronic conditions.

acupuncture
(ak´u-punk″chәr) a technique from traditional chinese medicine in which fine needles are inserted into acupoints for preventive and therapeutic purposes, for relief of discomfort associated with painful disorders, and sometimes for anesthesia. (Its use as a form of anesthesia is only a minor use in traditional Chi...

acupressure
(ak´u-presh″әr) the use of pressure applied, usually with the hands, at acupoints in order to release muscular tension for therapeutic purposes. According to traditional theory, the release of tension allows qi (vital energy) to flow through the meridians and restore balance to the body's systems; biological...

acuminate
(ә-ku´mĭ-nāt) sharp-pointed.

acupoint
(ak´u-point) any of the specific sites for needle insertion in acupuncture; stimulation of acupoints also forms the basis of other therapies, including acupressure and moxibustion. There are 361 basic, named acupoints along the 12 principal and two of the collateral meridians, and a large number of other points derived from c...

acuity
(ә-ku´ĭ-te) clearness of the visual perception of an image. visual acuity the ability to discriminate visually between forms.

actomyosin
(ak″to-mi´o-sin) the complex of actin and myosin constituting muscle fibers and responsible for the contraction and relaxation of muscle.

activity
(ak-tiv´ĭ-te) the quality or process of exerting energy or of accomplishing an effect. a thermodynamic quantity that represents the effective concentration of a solute in a non-ideal solution. Symbol a. the number of disintegrations per unit of a radioactive material. Symbol A. t...

activities of daily living
(ADL) activities that are necessary for daily care of oneself, such as using the toilet, grooming, dressing, and feeding oneself.

activin
(ak´tĭ-vin) any of several proteins that stimulate the secretion of follicle-stimulating hormone, play roles in regulation of the neuroendocrine system, help regulate production of other hormones, and affect the functioning of the gonads.

active sleep
REM sleep.

active zone
a site in a presynaptic membrane that is especially adapted for the release of synaptic vesicles.

active movement
movement produced by the person's own muscles.

active site
the three-dimensional region of an enzyme or other catalyst at which the reaction occurs, binding the substrate and facilitating its conversion to a reaction product. See also binding site and catalytic site.

active exercise
motion imparted to a part by voluntary contraction and relaxation of its controlling muscles.

active immunity
a type of acquired immunity that develops in response to antigenic stimulus. See also passive immunity.

active
(ak´tiv) characterized by action; not passive; not expectant.

active assistive exercise
voluntary contraction of muscles controlling a part, assisted by a therapist or by some other means.

active electrode
therapeutic electrode.

activator
(ak´tĭ-va″tәr) a substance that makes another substance active or reactive, induces a chemical reaction, or combines with an enzyme to increase its catalytic activity. plasminogen activator any of a group of substances that activate plasminogen and convert it into p...

activation-induced cell death
(AICD) recognition and deletion of T lymphocytes that have been activated and so induced to proliferate. T lymphocytes are activated when a foreign agent is perceived, and AICD thereby prevents them from overgrowth. It is particularly important for regulation of lymphocytes that recognize self antigens.

activation
(ak″tĭ-va´shәn) the act or process of rendering active. the transformation of a proenzyme into an active enzyme by the action of a kinase or another enzyme. the process by which the central nervous system is stimulated into activity through the mediation of the reticular activating...

activated partial thromboplastin time
(APTT, aPTT) the period required for clot formation in recalcified blood plasma after contact activation and the addition of platelet substitutes such as phospholipids; used to assess the coagulation pathways. A prolonged aPTT can indicate a deficiency of any of various coagulation factors, such asfactors XII, XI, IX, V...

action tremor
abnormal rhythmic back-and-forth movements of the outstretched upper limb when a person tries to move it voluntarily, such as in writing or lifting a cup; this can also affect the voice or another part of the body. Called also intention or volitional tremor.

actinotherapy
(ak″tĭ-no-ther´ә-pe) phototherapy.

action potential
the electrical activity developed in an excitable cell when stimulated; it may be elicited by electrical, chemical, or mechanical stimulation, by temperature change, or in certain other situations. On an electrocardiogram, action potential is seen as the cardiac cycle of a single cell, produced by a rapid sequence of changes at...

actinomycosis
(ak″tĭ-no-mi-ko´sis) an infection involving the deeper tissues of the skin and mucous membranes, usually on the head or neck, caused by bacteria of the genus Actinomyces. The lesions begin as painless tumorlike masses that later break down and begin to discharge pus through a network of sinuses in the skin. Sometim...

actinomycin
(ak″tĭ-no-mi´sin) a family of antibiotics from various species of Streptomyces, which are active against bacteria and fungi; it includes the antineoplastic agentdactinomycin (actinomycin D).

actinomycete
(ak″tĭ-no-mi´sēt) a moldlike bacterium (order Actinomycetales) occurring as elongated, frequently filamentous cells, with a branching tendency. adj., actinomycet´ic., adj.

actinomyces
(ak″tĭ-no-mi´sēz) an organism of the genus Actinomyces. adj., actinomycet´ic., adj.

Actinomyces
(ak″tĭ-no-mi´sēz) a genus of gram-negative, non–acid fast, nonmotile bacteria that form branched filaments. It includes A. israe´lii and A. naeslun´dii, both of which cause human actinomycosis and periodontal disease.

actinodermatitis
(ak″tĭ-no-dur″mә-ti´tis) cutaneous inflammation due to excessive exposure to sunlight or to exposure to x-rays.

Actinomadura
(ak″tĭ-no-mә-dldbomacr´ә) a genus of actinomycetes including A. madu´rae, the cause of maduromycosis in which the granules in the discharged pus are white, and A. pelletier´ii, the cause of maduromycosis in which the granules are red.

actinobacillosis
(ak″tĭ-no-bas″ĭ-lo´sis) a disease of domestic animals and occasionally humans, resembling actinomycosis but caused by Actinobacillus ligniere´sii; the bacilli form radiating structures in the tissues.

Actinobacillus
(ak″tĭ-no-bә-sil´us) a genus of gram-negative, nonmotile bacteria that are part of the normal microflora of mammals but sometimes cause actinobacillosis. A. ligniere´sii is the causative agent of human infection.

actinic reticuloid syndrome
chronic actinic dermatitis.

actinium
(Ac) (ak-tin´e-әm) a highly radioactive chemical element, atomic number 89, atomic weight 227. It is used in radiotherapy.

actinic rays
light rays that produce chemical action, especially those beyond the violet end of the spectrum.

actinic keratosis
a sharply outlined wartlike or keratotic growth that sometimes develops into a cutaneous horn or becomes malignant; it usually occurs in the middle-aged or elderly and is due to excessive exposure to the sun. Called also solar keratosis.

actinic keratitis
a form due to the action of ultraviolet light; called also ultraviolet keratitis.

actinic granuloma
an annular lesion seen on skin chronically exposed to the sun, with a raised border and a center that appears normal but is actually elastotic.

actinic elastosis
photoaging of the skin, especially in light-skinned persons, characterized by inelasticity, thinning or sometimes thickening, wrinkling, dryness with fine scaling, and sometimes hyperpigmentation, cherry angiomas, telangiectasis, senile lentigines, ecchymosis, milia, and senile keratosis. Called also senile or solar elast...

actinic dermatitis
photodamage with dermatitis from exposure to actinic rays, such as that from the sun, ultraviolet rays, x-rays, or gamma rays. See also chronic actinic dermatitis and phototoxic dermatitis.

actinic
(ak-tin´ik) producing chemical action; see actinic rays.

acting out
(ak´ting out) the habitual use of nonverbal behavior to express unconscious feelings that a person feels unable to directly deal with; she or he is reacting to present situations as if they were the childhood situation that originally caused the feelings and fantasies, and the acting out is a type of transference....

actin-binding proteins
a large and diverse group of proteins that bind to actin and regulate the dynamics and organization of actin filaments.

actin filament
one of the thin contractile filaments in a myofibril, composed mainly of actin; each actin filament is surrounded by three myosin filaments.

actin
(ak´tin) a muscle protein localized in the I band of myofibrils; acting along with myosin particles, it is responsible for the contraction and relaxation of muscle fibers.

ACTH-secreting adenoma
corticotroph adenoma.

ACS
acute confusional state; American Cancer Society; American Chemical Society; American College of Surgeons.

ACTH
adrenocorticotropic hormone; see corticotropin.

acrylonitrile
(ak″rә-lo-ni´trīl) a colorless halogenated hydrocarbon used in the making of plastics and as a pesticide; its vapors are irritant to the respiratory tract and eyes, can cause systemic poisoning, and are carcinogenic.

acrylic acid
a readily polymerizing liquid used as a monomer for acrylic polymers.

acrylic resins
products of the polymerization of acrylic or methacrylic acid or their derivatives, used in a variety of medical and dental applications, including medical prostheses and instruments and dental restorations, prostheses, and appliances. They are also used as adsorbents in chromatography and as ion exchange resins.

acrylic
(ә-kril´ik) pertaining to or containing polymers of acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, or acrylonitrile, used as acrylic resins in various medical and dental applications.

acrylamide
(ә-kril´ә-mīd) a vinyl monomer used in the production of polymers with many industrial uses. The polymers are nontoxic but exposure to acrylamide can cause peripheral neuropathy, polyneuritis, and central nervous system lesions.

acrotism
(ak´ro-tiz-әm) absence or imperceptibility of the pulse. adj., acrot´ic., adj.

acrospiroma
(ak″ro-spi-ro´mә) a benign adnexal tumor of the distal portion of a sweat gland.

acrosome reaction
changes in the spermatozoon that result in development of perforations in the acrosome, allowing release of enzymes that facilitate fertilization.

acrosome
(ak´ro-sōm) the caplike, membrane-bound structure covering the anterior portion of the head of a spermatozoon; it contains enzymes involved in penetration of the oocyte.

acrosomal
(ak″ro-so´mәl) pertaining to the acrosome.

acroscleroderma
(ak″ro-skler″o-dur´mә) acrosclerosis.

acrosclerosis
(ak″ro-sklә-ro´sis) a combination of Raynaud disease and scleroderma of the distal parts of the limbs, especially the digits, and of the neck and face, particularly the nose.

acropustulosis
(ak″ro-pus″tu-lo´sis) pustulosis of the extremities. A congenital form (infantile a.) is characterized by recurring episodes of small pruritic pustules on the hands and feet followed by remission.

acropathy
(ă-krop´ә-the) any disease of the limbs.

acrophobia
(ak″ro-fo´be-ә) irrational fear of heights.

acropathology
(ak″ro-pә-thol´ә-je) pathology of diseases of limbs.

acroparesthesia
(ak″ro-par″es-the´zhә) an abnormal sensation, such as tingling, numbness, pins and needles, in the hands and fingers.

acropachy
(ak´ro-pak″e) clubbing of the fingers.

acropachyderma
(ak″ro-pak″ĭ-dur´mә) thickening of the skin of the limbs, as seen in acromegaly and pachydermoperiostosis.

acroparalysis
(ak″ro-pә-ral´ĭ-sis) paralysis of the limbs.

acroneurosis
(ak″ro-ndbobr-ro´sis) any neuropathy of the limbs.

acromyotonia
(ak″ro-mi″o-to´ne-ә) contracture of the hand or foot resulting in spastic deformity.

acromiothoracic artery
thoracoacromial artery.

acromphalus
(ә-krom´fә-lәs) bulging of the navel; sometimes a sign of umbilical hernia. the center of the navel.

acromiothoracic
(ә-kro″me-o-tho-ras´ik) pertaining to the acromion and thorax.

acromioplasty
(ә-kro´me-o-plas″te) surgical removal of the anterior hook of the acromion to relieve mechanical compression of the rotator cuff during movement of the glenohumeral joint; called also anterior acromioplasty.

acromionectomy
(ә-kro″me-o-nek´tә-me) resection of the acromion.

acromion
(ә-kro´me-әn) the lateral extension of the spine of the scapula, forming the highest point of the shoulder. adj., acro´mial., adj.

acromiohumeral
(ә-kro″me-o-hu´mәr-әl) pertaining to the acromion and humerus.

acromioclavicular
(ә-kro″me-o-klә-vik´u-lәr) pertaining to the acromion and clavicle.

acromioclavicular joint
the point at which the clavicle joins with the acromion.

acromial bone
acromion.

acromial process
acromion.

acromicria
(ak″ro-mik´re-ә) abnormal smallness of the limbs, including hands and feet, and sometimes the nose and jaws, due to a deficiency in pituitary function after puberty.

acromial angle
that between the head of the humerus and the clavicle.

acrometagenesis
(ak″ro-met″ә-jen´ә-sis) undue growth of the limbs.

acromial
(ә-kro´me-әl) pertaining to the acromion.

acromelalgia
(ak″ro-mәl-al´jә) bilateral vasodilation, particularly of limbs, with burning pain, increased skin temperature, and redness. Called also erythromelalgia.

acrokinesia
(ak″ro-kĭ-ne´zhә) abnormal motility or movement of the limbs.

acrolein
(ak-ro´le-in) a volatile, highly toxic liquid, produced industrially and also one of the degradation products of cyclophosphamide.

acromegaly
(ak″ro-meg´ә-le) excessive enlargement of the limbs due to thickening of bones and soft tissues, caused by hypersecretion of growth hormone, usually from a tumor of the pituitary gland. In adults whose bone growth has stopped, the bones most affected are those of the face, jaw, hands, and feet. Gradual enlargement...

acrokeratosis verruciformis
(ak″ro-ker″ә-to´sis vә-roo″sĭ-for´mis) a hereditary dermatosis characterized by flat wartlike papules on the dorsal aspect of the hand, foot, elbow, and knee.

acrokeratosis
(ak″ro-ker″ә-to´sis) a condition in which there are horny growths on the skin of the limbs.

acrognosis
(ak″rog-no´sis) sensory recognition of the limbs.

acrohypothermy
(ak″ro-hi´po-thur″me) abnormal coldness of the hands and feet.

acroesthesia
(ak″ro-es-the´zhә) exaggerated sensitiveness. pain in the limbs.

acrodolichomelia
(ak″ro-dol″ĭ-ko-me´le-ә) abnormal length of the hands and feet.

acrodynia
(ak″ro-din´e-ә) a disease of infancy and early childhood marked by pain and swelling in, and pink coloration of, the fingers and toes and by listlessness, irritability, failure to thrive, profuse perspiration, and sometimes scarlet coloration of the cheeks and tip of the nose. It is due to absorption of merc...

acrodermatosis
(ak″ro-dur″mә-to´sis) pl. acrodermato´ses. Any disease of the skin of the limbs.

acrodermatitis
(ak″ro-dur″mә-ti´tis) inflammation of the skin of the limbs, especially the hands or feet. chronic atropic acrodermatitis , acrodermatitis chronica atrophicans chronic inflammation of the skin of the extremities, leading to atrophy. a co...

acrocyanosis
(ak″ro-si″ә-no´sis) persistent cyanosis of the fingers and hands or the toes and feet, with mottled blue or red discoloration, coldness, and profuse sweating of the digits. It may be seen in newborn infants or during the first weeks of life in response to exposure to cold.

acrocontracture
(ak″ro-kәn-trak´chәr) contracture of the muscles of the hand or foot.

acrocinesis
(ak″ro-si-ne´sis) acrokinesia.

acrochordon
(ak″ro-kor´dәn) a pedunculated skin tag occurring principally on the neck, upper chest, and armpits in women of middle age or older.

acrocephaly
(ak″ro-sef´ә-le) oxycephaly. adj., acrocephal´ic., adj.

acrocephalosyndactyly
(ak″ro-sef″ә-lo-sin-dak´tә-le) any of a group of autosomal dominant disorders in which craniostenosis is associated with acrocephaly (conical deformity of the head) and syndactyly (webbed fingers and toes), sometimes occurring with additional anomalies. Type I is Apert syndrome; type III is Chotzen syn...

acrocephalia
(ak″ro-sә-fa´le-ә) oxycephaly.

acrocephalopolysyndactyly
(ACPS) (ak″ro-sef″ә-lo-pol″e-sin-dak´tә-le) any of several inherited disorders characterized by acrocephalosyndactyly (head deformity and webbed fingers and toes) and polydactyly (extra fingers or toes). Type I (or ACPS I) is Pfeiffer syndrome; type II (or ACPS II) is Carpe...

acrocentric
(ak″ro-sen´trik) having the centromere toward one end of the replicating chromosome.

acroblast
(ak´ro-blast) Golgi material in the spermatid from which the acrosome develops.

acrobrachycephaly
(ak″ro-brak″ĭ-sef´ә-le) abnormal height of the skull, with shortness of its anteroposterior dimension.

acroagnosis
(ak″ro-ag-no´sis) lack of sensory recognition of a limb.

acroanesthesia
(ak″ro-an″es-the´zhә) anesthesia of the limbs.

acroarthritis
(ak″ro-ahr-thri´tis) arthritis of the limbs.

acro-osteolysis
(ak″ro-os″te-ol´ĭ-sis) osteolysis involving the distal phalanges of the fingers and toes.

acrivastine
(ak″rĭ-vas´tēn) an antihistamine used in treatment of hay fever; administered orally.

ACRM
American Congress of Rehabilitative Medicine.

acridine
(ak´rĭ-dēn) an alkaloid from anthracene, the basis of certain dyes and drugs.

acritical
(a-krit´ĭ-kәl) having no crisis.

Acremonium
(ak″rә-mo´ne-әm) a genus of Fungi Imperfecti of the form-class Hyphomycetes; some species produce cephalosporinantibiotics.

acranius
(ә-kra´ne-әs) a fetus in which the cranium is absent or rudimentary.

acrania
(ә-kra´ne-ә) partial or complete absence of the cranium. adj., acra´nial., adj.

acral
(ak´rәl) pertaining to or affecting a limb or apex.

acral-lentiginous melanoma
an uncommon type of melanoma, the most common type seen in nonwhite individuals, seen mainly on the palms and soles, and sometimes on mucosal surfaces such as the vulva or vagina. The characteristic lesion is an irregular, enlarging black macule that has a long noninvasive stage.

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