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Dorland's Medical Dictionary Category: Health and Medicine More specific: Medical Dictionary County & Date: US, Health and Medicine Words: 200

allied reflexes
reflexes in which two afferent stimuli use the same common pathway or produce effects on two synergistic muscles.

alligator forceps
a grasping forceps with a scissorlike handle and blades opening in a vertical plane similar to the jaws of an alligator.

allied health professional
a person with special training, certification, and licensing with responsibilities bearing on patient care. See also allied health.

Allgrove syndrome
(awl´grōv) a recessively inherited disorder, consisting of abnormally low production of glucocorticoid hormones, failure of the smooth muscle fibers of the gastrointestinal tract to relax (achalasia), and inability to produce tears (alacrima). Called also achalasia-addisonian syndrome, addisonian-achalasia syndrome, and ...

alleviate
(ә-le´ve-āt) to cause the lessening or disappearance of a patient's problem.

allesthesia
(al″es-the´zhә) the experiencing of a sensation (such as pain or touch) as occurring at a point remote from where the stimulus is actually applied. visual allesthesia the transposition of visual images from one-half of the visual field to the other. Called also optical allache...

allergy
(al´әr-je) a state of abnormal and individual hypersensitivity acquired through exposure to a particular substance called an allergen; reexposure reveals a heightened capacity to react. There are three major types of allergies: (1) delayed-reaction ones, caused by sensitized lymphocytes; (2) antigen-antibody react...

allergist
(al´әr-jist) a physician specializing in the diagnosis and treatment of allergic conditions.

allergization
(al″әr-jĭ-za´shәn) active sensitization by introduction of allergens into the body.

allergic reaction
a local or general reaction characterized by altered reactivity of the animal body to an antigenic substance; see also allergy.

allergic rhinitis
any allergic reaction of the nasal mucosa, occurring perennially (nonseasonal allergic rhinitis) or seasonally (hay fever).

allergic dermatitis
atopic dermatitis. allergic contact dermatitis.

allergic eczema
atopic dermatitis.

allergic contact dermatitis
contact dermatitis due to allergic sensitization to various substances that produce inflammatory reactions in the skin of those who have acquired hypersensitivity to the allergen as a result of previous exposure to it.

allergic
(ә-lur´jik) pertaining to or having an allergy.

allergic asthma
asthma due to an allergy to antigens; usually the offending allergens are suspended in the air in the form of pollen, dust, smoke, automobile exhaust, animal dander, or similar substances. More than half of the cases of asthma in children and young adults are of this type. Called also extrinsic asthma.

allergen
(al´әr-jen) a substance, protein or nonprotein, capable of inducing allergy or specific hypersensitivity. a purified protein, most often of a food (such as milk, eggs, or wheat), a bacterium, or pollen, used to test a patient for hypersensitivity to specific substances (see skin test). Allergens may ...

Allen's law
(al´әnz) whereas in normal individuals the more sugar is given the more is utilized, the reverse is true in diabetics.

Allen-Doisy test
(a formerly common test for estrogens) the material being tested was injected into spayed laboratory mice and a change from leukocytes to cornified cells in their vaginal secretions was a positive result.

Allen test
(al´әn) a test for occlusion of radial or ulnar arteries: the patient makes a tight fist so as to express the blood from the skin of the palm and fingers; the examiner makes digital compression on either the radial or ulnar artery. Failure of blood to return to the palm and fingers when the hand is opened in...

allelotaxis
(ә-le″lo-tak´sis) development of an organ from several embryonic structures.

Allemann syndrome
(ah´lә-mahn) the association of double kidney and clubbed fingers, sometimes associated with facial asymmetry and degeneration of various motor nerves.

allele
(ә-lēl´) one of the two or more alternative forms of a gene that can occur at a particular chromosomal site (locus), and which determine alternative characters in inheritance. Because autosomal chromosomes occur in pairs, an individual will have two alleles, which may be the same or different, for each ...

allantois
(ә-lan´to-is) a small sausage-shaped outpouching from the caudal wall of the yolk sac of the early embryo, associated with early blood formation and development of the urinary bladder; its blood vessels become the umbilical arteries and veins. adj., allanto´ic., adj.

allantoin
(ә-lan´to-in) a crystalline substance from allantoic fluid and fetal urine, also produced synthetically; used as an astringent and keratolytic, often as a component in multi-ingredient dermatological medications.

allantoinuria
(ә-lan″to-in-u´re-ә) allantoin in the urine.

allantoic vesicle
the internal hollow portion of the allantois.

allantoid
(ә-lan´toid) sausage-shaped. pertaining to the allantois.

allantoic sac
the dilated portion of the allantois, becoming a part of the placenta in many mammals; it becomes the urachus in humans.

allantoic veins
paired vessels that accompany the allantois; they enter the body stalk of the early embryo with the allantois and later form the umbilical veins.

allantochorion
(ә-lan″to-kor´e-on) the allantois and chorion as one structure.

allantoic fluid
the fluid contained within the allantois.

allantiasis
(al″an-ti´ә-sis) [allanto- + -iasis] a type of sausage poisoning from sausages containing the toxins of Clostridium botulinum. See botulism.

ALL
acute lymphoblastic leukemia.

allachesthesia
(al″ә-kes-the´zhә) allesthesia. optical allachesthesia visual allesthesia.

alkyne
(al´kīn) an aliphatic hydrocarbon containing a triple bond.

alkylating agent
highly reactive, cytotoxic compounds that produce their effects by damaging a cell's DNA. Cell killing occurs primarily in rapidly proliferating tissues in which there is not time between mitoses for DNA repair systems to reverse the effects of the agent. Classes of antineoplastic alkylating agents include nitrogen mustar...

alkyl
(al´kәl) the radical that results when an aliphatic hydrocarbon loses one hydrogen atom.

alkylate
(al´kә-lāt) to cause the substitution of an alkyl group for an active hydrogen atom in an organic compound; see also alkylating agents.

alkene
(al´kēn) an aliphatic hydrocarbon containing a double bond.

alkaptonuria
(al-kap″to-nu´re-ә) an autosomal recessive aminoacidopathy characterized by accumulation of homogentisic acid. It is manifested by elevated concentrations of homogentisic acid in the urine (which darkens on standing or with alkalinization), a peculiar discoloration of body tissues known as ochronosis, and ar...

alkane
(al´kān) a saturated hydrocarbon (one without carbon-carbon multiple bonds).

alkalosis
(al″kә-lo´sis) a pathologic condition caused by excessive base in the body, including loss of acid without comparable loss of base in the body fluids; there is a decrease in hydrogen ion concentration (increase in pH). Alkalosis is the opposite of acidosis. See also acid-base balance. adj., alkalot´ic., adj.

alkalization
(al″kә-li-za´shәn) the act of making alkaline.

alkalizer
(al´kә-li″zәr) an agent that causes alkalization.

alkaloid
(al´kә-loid″) one of a large group of organic, basic substances found in plants. They are usually bitter in taste and are characterized by powerful physiologic activity. Examples are morphine, cocaine, atropine, quinine, nicotine, and caffeine. The term is also applied to synthetic substances that have...

alkalinuria
(al″kә-lĭ-nu´re-ә) an alkaline condition of the urine.

alkalinity
(al″kә-lin´ĭ-te) the quality of being alkaline. the combining power of a base, expressed as the maximum number of equivalents of acid with which it reacts to form a salt.

alkaline
(al´kә-līn) (-lin) having the reactions of an alkali. having a pH greater than 7.0. alkaline phosphatase an enzyme localized on cell membranes that hydrolyzes phosphate esters liberating inorganic phosphate and has an optimal pH of about ...

alkali-ash diet
a therapeutic diet prescribed to increase the alkalinity of the urine and dissolve uric acid and cystine urinary calculi. This type of diet changes the urinary pH so that certain salts are kept in solution and excreted in the urine. Emphasis is placed on fruits, vegetables, and milk. Meat, eggs, bread, and cereals are res...

alkali metal
one of a group of monovalent elements including lithium, sodium, potassium, rubidium, and cesium.

alkali reserve
the ability of the combined buffer systems of the blood to neutralize acid. The pH of the blood normally is slightly on the alkaline side, between 7.35 and 7.45. Since the principal buffer in the blood is bicarbonate, the alkali reserve essentially is represented by the plasma bicarbonate concentration. However, hemoglobi...

alkali denaturation test
a spectrophotometric method for measuring the concentration of fetal hemoglobin (Hb F).

alkalemia
(al″kә-le´me-ә) abnormal alkalinity, or increased pH, of the blood.

alkali
(al´kә-li) any of a class of compounds such as sodium hydroxide that form salts with acids and soaps with fats; a base, or substance capable of neutralizing acids. Other properties include a pH value greater than 7.0, a bitter taste, and the ability to turn litmus paper from red to blue. Alkalis play a vital role ...

aliquot
(al´ĭ-kwot) a sample that is representative of th

alitretinoin
(al″ĭ-tret´ĭ-noin″) a topical antineoplastic used in the treatment of AIDS-related cutaneous Kaposi sarcoma.

alimentation
(al″ә-men-ta´shәn) giving or receiving of nourishment. parenteral alimentation administration of nutrients intravenously.

alinasal
(al″ĭ-na´sәl) pertaining to either of the cartilaginous flaps of the nose.

aliphatic
(al″ĭ-fat´ik) pertaining to any member of the group of organic compounds having a branched or straight chain structure.

alimentary system
digestive system.

aliform
(al´ĭ-form) shaped like a wing.

aliment
(al´ә-ment) food; nutritive material.

alimentary
(al″ә-men´tәr-e) pertaining to or caused by food or nutritive material.

alimentary canal
alimentary tract the portion of the digestive system consisting of the organs making up the route taken by food as it passes through the body from mouth to anus; this includes the esophagus, stomach, small intestine, and large intestine. Called also digestive tract.

alienia
(a-li-e´ne-ә) absence of the spleen.

alienation
(āl″e-әn-a´shәn) estrangement from society; feelings of being an outsider, foreigner, or outcast. estrangement from one's self; feelings of unreality or depersonalization. alienation of affect; isolation of ideas from feelings, avoidance of emotional situations, and other eff...

algometer
(al-gom´ә-tәr) algesimeter.

algometry
(al-gom´ә-tre) algesimetry.

algophobia
(al″go-fo´be-ә) irrational dread of pain.

Alidase
(al´ĭ-dās) trademark for a preparation of hyaluronidase for injection, used as a spreading agent to promote diffusion and hasten absorption.

algodystrophy
(al″go-dis´trә-fe) complex regional pain syndrome type 1.

algogenic
(al-go-jen´ik) dolorific.

alginic acid
(al-jin´ik) a hydrophilic colloidal carbohydrate obtained from seaweed, used as a tablet binder and emulsifying agent.

alglucerase
(al-gloo´sәr-ās″) a modified form of the enzyme lacking in Gaucher disease, used in treatment of the adult form of the disease.

algicide
(al´jĭ-sīd) destructive to algae. an agent that destroys algae.

alginate
(al´jĭ-nāt) a salt of alginic acid, a colloidal substance from brown seaweed; used, in the form of calcium, sodium, or ammonium alginate, for dental impression materials.

algesthesia
(al″jes-the´zhә) nociception.

algesimetry
(al″jә-sim´ә-tre) measurement of sensitivity of pain; called also algometry.

algesimeter
(al″jә-sim´ә-tәr) a device for measuring sensitivity to painful stimuli; called also algometer.

algefacient
(al″jә-fa´shәnt) cooling or refrigerant.

algesia
(al-je´ze-ә) nociception. excessive sensitivity to pain, a type of hyperesthesia. adj., alge´sic, alget´ic., adj.

ALG
antilymphocyte globulin.

algae
(al´je) a group of plants living in the water, including all seaweeds, and ranging in size from microscopic cells to fronds hundreds of feet long. blue-green algae former name for members of the group now called Cyanobacteria.

alfentanil
(al-fen´tә-nil) an opioid analgesic of rapid onset and short duration derived from fentanyl; the hydrochloride salt is used as a primary agent for induction of general anesthesia, as an adjunct in maintenance of general anesthesia, and as an adjunct to regional or local anesthesia.

alfacalcidol
(al″fә-kal´sĭ-dol) a synthetic analogue of calcitriol, to which it is converted in the liver; used in the treatment of hypocalcemia, hypophosphatemia, rickets, and osteodystrophy that are associated with medical conditions such as chronic renal failure and hypoparathyroidism, administered orally or intravenou...

aleydigism
(a-li´dig-iz″әm) absence of secretion of the interstitial cells of the testis (Leydig cells).

Alezzandrini syndrome
(ahl″ĕ-tsahn-dre´ne) a rare disorder of unknown pathogenesis, characterized by unilateral tapetoretinal degeneration followed by facial vitiligo and poliosis on the same side, sometimes associated with deafness.

alexia
(ә-lek´se-ә) a form of receptive aphasia in which there is inability to understand written language. adj., alex´ic.

alexithymia
(ә-lek″sĭ-thi´me-ә) inability to recognize or describe one's emotions.

Alexander operation
Alexander-Adams operation shortening of the round ligaments to repair displacement of the uterus.

aleukocytosis
(a-loo″ko-si-to´sis) leukopenia.

Alexander disease
(al″eg-zan´dәr) an infantile form of leukodystrophy, characterized histologically by the presence of eosinophilic material at the surface of the brain and around its blood vessels, resulting in brain enlargement.

aleukia
(a-loo´ke-ә) leukopenia.

aleukemic leukemia
leukemia in which the leukocyte count is normal or below normal; it may be lymphocytic, monocytic, or myelocytic.

aleukemia
(a″loo-ke´me-ә) leukopenia. aleukemic leukemia.

alendronate
(ә-len´dro-nāt) a calcium-regulating agent used in the form of the sodium salt to inhibit resorption of bone in the treatment of osteitis deformans, osteoporosis, and hypercalcemia related to malignancy; administered orally.

Aldrich syndrome
(awl´drich) Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome.

alecithal
(a-les´ĭ-thәl) having no distinct yolk.

alemtuzumab
(al″әm-tuz´u-mab″) a recombinant, DNA-derived, humanized monoclonal antibody directed against the CD antigen CD52; administered intravenously as an antineoplastic in the treatment of B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia.

aldosteronoma
(al″do-ster″o-no´mә) a tumor of the adrenal cortex that secretes aldosterone, causing primary aldosteronism; the majority are adenomas, but few are carcinomas. Called also aldosterone-secreting tumor.

aldosterone-producing tumor
aldosterone-secreting tumor aldosteronoma.

aldosteronism
(al-dos´tә-ro-niz″әm) an abnormality of electrolyte metabolism caused by excessive secretion of aldosterone, it may be primary or may be seen secondary to a disease outside the adrenal glands. There may be hypertension, hypokalemia, alkalosis, muscular weakness, polyuria, and polydipsia. Called also hy...

aldosterone-producing adenoma
aldosterone-secreting adenoma a benign aldosteronoma, usually small and unilateral.

aldosterone-producing carcinoma
aldosterone-secreting carcinoma a rare malignant form of aldosteronoma; it is larger than an aldosterone-producing adenoma.

aldosterone
(al-dos´tәr-ōn) the main mineralocorticoid hormone secreted by the adrenal cortex, the principal biological activity of which is the regulation of electrolyte and water balance by promoting the retention of sodium (and, therefore, of water) and the excretion of potassium; the retention of water induces ...

aldose
(al´dōs) one of the two main types of monosaccharide sugars; those that contain an aldehyde group (sbondCHO), such as glucose, galactose, or mannose.

Aldoril
(al´do-ril″) trademark for a preparation of methyldopa and hydrochlorothiazide, an antihypertensive agent.

Aldomet
(al´do-met) trademark for preparations of methyldopa, an antihypertensive agent.

aldopentose
(al″do-pen´tōs) any one of a class of sugars that contain five carbon atoms and an aldehyde group (sbondCHO).

aldehyde
(al´dә-hīd) an organic compound containing the aldehyde functional group (sbondCHO); that is, one with a carbonyl group (CdbondO) located at one end of the carbon chain. acetaldehyde.

aldesleukin
(al″dәs-loo´kin) a recombinant interleukin-2 product used as an antineoplastic agent and biological response modifier in treatment of metastatic renal cell carcinoma and malignant melanoma.

Aldactone
(al-dak´tōn) trademark for a preparation of spironolactone, an aldosterone antagonist used as a diuretic.

Aldactazide
(al-dak´tә-zīd) trademark for a preparation of spironolactone and hydrochlorothiazide, a diuretic.

alcuronium
(al-ku-ro´ne-әm) a nondepolarizing skeletal muscle relaxant used in general anesthesia for surgical procedures; used in the form of the chloride salt.

alcoholism
(al´kә-hol-iz-әm) any of various conditions involving abuse of or dependence on alcohol. Alcoholism may be associated with other diagnoses, such as mood disorders, manic and depressive episodes of bipolar disorders, and antisocial personality disorder. See also drug abuse, drug dependence, and substance-related di...

Alcoholics Anonymous
a self-help group of recovering alcoholics who provide support to each other in understanding and overcoming alcohol abuse. From their own experiences, group members learn how to motivate and encourage others in their desire to stop drinking. Meetings and discussions give the alcoholic an opportunity to air his or her pro...

alcoholic psychoses
psychoses associated with alcohol use and involving organic brain damage; the category includes alcohol withdrawal delirium, Korsakoff syndrome, and hallucinosis or paranoia accompanying alcoholism.

alcoholic pneumonia
pneumonia associated with alcoholism.

alcoholic hepatitis
hepatitis caused by alcoholism, often a precursor of cirrhosis.

alcoholic neuropathy
neuropathy due to thiamine deficiency in chronic alcoholism.

alcoholic cirrhosis
Laënnec cirrhosis.

alcoholic coma
coma accompanying severe alcoholic intoxication.

alcoholic cardiomyopathy
congestive cardiomyopathy resulting in cardiac enlargement and low cardiac output occurring in chronic alcoholics; the heart disease in beriberi (thiamine deficiency) is also associated with alcoholism.

alcohol abuse
see alcoholism.

alcoholic
(al″kә-hol´ik) containing or pertaining to alcohol. a person suffering from alcoholism.

alcohol
(al´kә-hol) any organic compound containing the hydroxy (sbondOH) functional group except those in which the OH group is attached to an aromatic ring, which are called phenols. Alcohols are classified as primary, secondary, or tertiary according to whether the carbon atom to which the OH group is attached is bonde...

alclometasone
(al-klo-met´ә-sōn″) a synthetic corticosteroid used topically in the dipropionate form for the relief of inflammation and pruritus.

Alcock canal
(al´kok) a tunnel formed by a splitting of the obturator fascia, which encloses the pudendal vessels and nerve.

Alcaligenes
(al″kә-lij´ә-nēz) a genus of gram-negative, aerobic, rod-shaped bacteria, found in the intestines of vertebrates, as part of the normal skin flora, and in dairy products. Occasionally it causes opportunistic infections, A. faeca´lis being a cause of nosocomial septicemia in immunocompromised patie...

albuterol
(al-bu´tәr-ol) a relatively selective beta2-adrenergic receptor agonist used as the base or sulfate salt as a bronchodilator.

albuminoptysis
(al-bu″mĭ-nop´tĭ-sis) albumin in the sputum.

albuminous cell
serous cell.

albuminuria
(al″bu-mĭ-nu´re-ә) the most common kind of proteinuria, characterized by presence of albumin in the urine. adj. albuminu´ric., adj. sometimes used as a synonym for proteinuria in general.

albuminoid
(al-bu´mĭ-noid″) resembling albumin. an albumin-like substance; the term is sometimes applied to insoluble substances known as scleroproteins.

albumin-globulin ratio
the ratio of albumin to globulin in blood serum, plasma, cerebrospinal fluid, or urine.

albumin human
a preparation of human serum albumin, used as an artificial plasma extender and to increase bilirubin binding in hyperbilirubinemia.

albumin
(al-bu´min) any protein that is soluble in water and moderately concentrated salt solutions and is coagulable by heat. serum albumin; the most abundant plasma protein, formed primarily in the liver and making up around two thirds of the protein in blood plasma. Albumin is responsible for much of the colloidal os...

albuginea
(al″bu-jin´e-ә) tunica albuginea, particularly of the testis.

albinuria
(al″bĭ-nu´re-ә) albiduria.

Albl ring
a ring-shaped shadow in radiographs of the skull, caused by aneurysm of a cerebral artery.

Albright syndrome
(awl´brit) Albright-McCune-Sternberg syndrome a group of symptoms of unknown cause, including distortion of bone with fibrous changes in the bone marrow spaces, brownish pigmentation of the skin, and precocious puberty in females. The bones may become bowed or shortened, resulting in susceptibility to fractures and...

albinism-deafness syndrome
an X-linked syndrome consisting of deafness of varying degrees with piebaldism or albinism; some authorities consider it an allelic variant of Waardenburg syndrome type 2.

albino
(al-bi´no) a person affected with albinism.

albinism
(al´bĭ-niz-әm) any of numerous hereditary disorders in which there is defective pigmentation in the eyes and skin, causing hypomelanosis and eye disorders. adj., albinot´ic., adj. ocular albinism a type usually transmitted as an X-linked trait, manifested only in males...

albicans
(al´bĭ-kanz) Latin word meaning white.

albiduria
(al″bĭ-du´re-ә) the discharge of white or pale urine.

Albini nodules
gray nodules of the size of small grains, sometimes seen on the free edges of the atrioventricular valves of infants; they are remains of fetal structures.

Albert operation
excision of the knee to secure ankylosis for the cure of flail joint.

Albert position
a semirecumbent position of the patient for radiography as a means of determining the diameters of the superior strait of the pelvis.

Albert suture
a form of Czerny suture in which the first row of stitches is passed through the entire thickness of the intestine.

Albers-Schönberg disease
(ahl´berz-shurn´bәrg) osteopetrosis.

Albert disease
(ahl´bert) inflammation of the calcaneal bursa, which may be secondary to trauma or arthritis and is characterized by signs of inflammation in the retrocalcaneal space and by difficulty in walking. Called also Swediaur disease.

albendazole
(al-ben´dә-zōl) a broad-spectrum anthelmintic used against many parasites, including in treatment of hydatid disease and cysticercosis.

Albee operation
(al´be) an operation for ankylosis of the hip.

Albee-Delbet operation
an operation for fracture of the neck of the femur, done by drilling a hole through the trochanter and the neck and head of the femur and inserting a bone peg in this hole.

alatrofloxacin
(ә-lat″ro-flok´sә-sin) a broad-spectrum antibacterial that is the prodrug of trovafloxicin, to which it is rapidly converted after intravenous infusion; used in the form of the mesylate salt.

alba
(al´bә) Latin word meaning white; used to describe anatomic structures and diseases.

Alateen
(al´ә-tēn) a self-help program sponsored by Al-Anon for children (ages 12 to 20) of alcoholics. Alateen provides a forum for the discussion of the problems of living in a family affected by alcohol abuse and the opportunity to develop healthy coping skills.

alarm reaction
the first stage of the general adaptation syndrome, the response of the sympathetic nervous system to either physical stress or a strong emotional state; see also stress reaction. It is an automatic and instantaneous response that increases the body's capability to cope with a sudden emergency and begins with physiologic change...

alar bone
sphenoid bone.

alar cartilages
the cartilages of the wings of the nose.

alar ligaments
two bands passing from the apex of the dens to the medial side of each occipital condyle. a pair of folds of the synovial membrane of the knee joint.

alar
(a´lәr) pertaining to or like a wing.

alanine transaminase
(al´ә-nēn trans-am´ĭ-nās) an enzyme that catalyzes the reversible transfer of an amino group from alanine to α-ketoglutarate to form pyruvate and glutamate. Normally present in many tissues and body fluids, especially in the liver, it is released into the serum as a result of tissue injur...

alanine aminotransferase
(al´ә-nēn ә-me″no-trans´fәr-ās) alanine transaminase.

alanine
(al´ә-nēn) a nonessential amino acid, also found at high levels in plasma. β-alanine an amino acid related to alanine but not found in proteins. It occurs free and in some peptides, and is a precursor of acetyl CoA and an intermediate in uracil and cytosine catabo...

Alajouanine syndrome
(ah´lah-zhoo-ah-nēn´) symmetric lesions of the sixth and seventh cranial nerves with bilateral facial paralysis and bilateral lateral rectus palsy of the eyeball, associated with bilateral clubfoot. Cf. Möbius syndrome.

Alagille syndrome
(ah-lah-zhēl´) a syndrome caused by the stoppage or suppression of bile flow because of absence or paucity of intrahepatic bile ducts. Besides causing neonatal jaundice, it affects many body systems and is associated with stenosis of the pulmonary valve, peripheral pulmonary stenosis, deep-set eyes with anterior chamber ...

alacrima
(a-lak´rĭ-mә) deficiency or absence of the secretion of tears. It may be inherited as an autosomal dominant trait, or it may occur in association with other disorders or as an isolated congenital defect.

Al-Anon
(al´ә-non) a resource and support group for adult relatives and close friends of alcoholics. Al-Anon is available to interested individuals even if the alcoholic does not participate in Alcoholics Anonymous.

ala
(a´lә) pl. a´lae Latin word meaning wing; used in anatomy to name a winglike process. adj., a´lar, a´late., adj. ala nasi the cartilaginous flap on the outer side of each nostril. The major and minor alar cartilages of the a...

Al
aluminum.

AL amyloidosis
primary amyloidosis.

AL protein
AL amyloid.

AL test
a type of patch test in which the materials being tested are applied to cellulose disks arrayed on polyethylene-coated aluminum paper, which is affixed to the skin for several days.

Akineton
(a-kin´ә-ton) trademark for preparations of biperiden, an antidyskinetic.

akinetic-rigid syndrome
muscular rigidity with varying degrees of slowness of movement; seen in parkinsonism and disorders of the basal ganglia.

akinetic
(a-kĭ-net´ik) affected with akinesia.

akinesia
(a″kĭ-ne´zhә) absence or loss of the power of voluntary movement. the temporary paralysis of a muscle by the injection of procaine. akinesia algera a condition characterized by generalized pain associated with movement of any kind.

akinesthesia
(ә-kin″es-the´zhә) absence of the perception of movement.

Akin operation
resection of the medial prominence of the first metatarsal head and cuneiform osteotomy of the proximal phalanx of the great toe, done for hallux valgus.

akamushi disease
scrub typhus.

akathisia
(ak″ә-thĭ´zhә) a condition of motor restlessness in which there is a feeling of muscular quivering, an urge to move about constantly, and an inability to sit still, a common side effect of neuroleptic drugs.

AJCC
American Joint Committee on Cancer.

AJCC system
a method of staging malignant tumors proposed by the American Joint Committee on Cancer, based on TNM staging; it divides cancers into five stages.

airway resistance
the opposition of the tissues of the air passages to air flow: the mouth-to-alveoli pressure difference divided by the rate of air flow. Symbol RA or RAW.

AIUM
American Institute of Ultrasound in Medicine.

airway
(ār´wa) the passage by which air enters and leaves the lungs. a mechanical device used for securing unobstructed respiration when the patient is not breathing or is otherwise unable to maintain a clear passage, such as during general anesthesia or respiratory arrest.

airplane splint
one that holds the splinted limb suspended in the air.

airsickness
(ār´sik-nis) air sickness sickness due to change in air pressure and to the movements experienced in an airplane, marked by nausea, salivation, and cold sweats. See also motion sickness.

airborne precautions
a group of transmission-based precautions used when caring for patients who have diseases that spread through the air, such as tuberculosis, chickenpox, and measles. The patient should be in a private room. Called also respiratory precautions.

air-cushion sign
Klemm sign.

airborne
(ār´born) suspended in, transported by, or spread by air, as an infectious disease or a pathogen.

airborne infection
infection by inhalation of organisms or spores suspended in air on water droplets or dust particles.

air sacs
the spaces into which the alveolar ducts open distally, and with which the alveoli communicate; see also lung. Called also alveolar sacs. Air sacs (alveolar sacs).

air dose
air exposure.

air exposure
the amount of exposure to ionizing radiation, measured in a small mass of air, excluding backscatter from irradiated objects. Called also air dose.

air conditioner lung
humidifier lung.

air conduction
conduction of sound waves to the organ of hearing in the inner ear through the air.

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