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Dorland's Medical Dictionary Category: Health and Medicine More specific: Medical Dictionary County & Date: US, Health and Medicine Words: 200

anaerobic cellulitis
cellulitis due to a necrotizing infection with anaerobic bacteria; the most common pathogen is Clostridium perfringens, but it can also be caused by species such as Bacteroides, Peptostreptococcus, or mixtures of different bacteria. It is usually in a contaminated wound or in otherwise compromised tissues.

anaerobe
(an´ә-rōb) a microorganism that lives and grows in the absence of molecular oxygen; some of these are killed by oxygen. adj., anaero´bic., adj. facultative anaerobe one that can live and grow with or without molecular oxygen. obligate anaerobe ...

anadrenalism
(an″ә-dre´nәl-iz-әm) absence or failure of adrenal function.

anadipsia
(an″ә-dip´se-ә) intense thirst; see hyperdipsia and polydipsia.

anadicrotic wave
the wave on a tracing of an anadicrotic pulse.

anacrotism
(ә-nak´rә-tiz-әm) a pulse anomaly evidenced by a prominent notch on the ascending limb of the pulse tracing. adj., anacrot´ic., adj.

anadicrotic pulse
one in which the ascending limb of the tracing shows two extra small waves or notches.

anacrotic limb
ascending limb (def. 2).

anacrotic pulse
one in which the ascending limb of the tracing shows a short drop in amplitude, or a notch.

anacrotic wave
the wave on a tracing of an anacrotic pulse.

anacidity
(an″ә-sid´ĭ-te) abnormal lack or deficiency of acid. gastric anacidity achlorhydria.

anaclisis
(an″ә-kli´sis) physical and emotional dependence on another for protection and gratification; used to refer to the normal dependence of an infant on its mother or to excessive leaning on others for emotional support by an older individual. adj., anaclit´ic., adj.

anabiosis
(an″ә-bi-o´sis) restoration of life processes after their apparent cessation.

anabolism
(ә-nab´ә-liz″әm) the constructive phase of metabolism, in which the body cells synthesize protoplasm for growth and repair; the opposite of catabolism. The manner in which this synthesis takes place is directed by the genetic code carried by the molecules of DNA. The “building blocks” for t...

ANA
antinuclear antibody; American Nurses Association.

Amytal
(am´ĭ-tәl) trademark for preparations of amobarbital, a short-acting sedative and hypnotic.

amyxia
(ә-mik´se-ә) absence of mucus.

An
anode.

AN region
the area of the heart where the atrial fibers merge with the atrioventricular node.

amyotrophy
(a″mi-ot´rә-fe) a painful condition with wasting and weakness of muscle, commonly involving the deltoid muscle. diabetic amyotrophy a painful condition, associated with diabetes, with progressive wasting and weakening of muscles, usually limited to the muscles of the ...

amyotrophia
(a-mi″o-tro´fe-ә) amyotrophy.

amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
(a-mi″-o-trof´ik lat´әr-әl slkә-ro´sis) a progressive neurologic disease with degeneration of lower motor neurons in the gray matter of the anterior horns of the spinal cord, some brainstem motor neurons, and the pyramidal tracts. The disease presents in middle age and affects men two to three ti...

amyostasia
(a-mi″o-sta´zhә) a tremor of the muscles.

amyostatic syndrome
Wilson disease.

amyoplasia
(a-mi″o-pla´zhә) lack of muscle formation or development. amyoplasia congenita generalized lack in the newborn of muscular development and growth, with contracture and deformity at most joints.

amylophagia
(am″ә-lo-fa´jә) the habit of eating starch, such as laundry starch, a form of pica.

amylorrhea
(am″ә-lo-re´ә) the presence of an abnormal amount of starch in the feces.

amylose
(am´ә-lōs) any carbohydrate other than a glucose or saccharose. the soluble constituent of starch, as opposed to amylopectin.

amylopectinosis
(am″ә-lo-pek″tĭ-no´sis) glycogen storage disease, type IV.

amylopectin
(am″ә-lo-pek´tin) the insoluble constituent of starch; the soluble constituent is amylose.

amyloidosis
(am″ә-loi-do´sis) the deposition in various tissues of insoluble amyloid, which makes the tissues waxy and nonfunctional. In primary amyloidosis, the tissues most often affected are cardiac, smooth, and skeletal muscles. In secondary amyloidosis, the most common sites of deposition are the spleen, kidney, liver, a...

amyloid precursor protein
(APP) a large transmembrane glycoprotein expressed on the cell surface and of uncertain function; endocytosis and cleavage can produce abnormal 40 to 43 amino acid peptides which aggregate to form Aβ amyloid, associated with Alzheimer disease.

amyloid kidney
one with amyloidosis; called also waxy kidney.

amyloid light chain protein
AL amyloid.

amyloid polyneuropathy
polyneuropathy associated with amyloidosis; symptoms may include dysfunction of the autonomic nervous system, carpal tunnel syndrome, and sensory disturbances in the extremities.

amyloid A protein
AA amyloid.

amyloid degeneration
degeneration with deposition of amyloid in the tissues; see also amyloidosis.

amyloid
(am´ә-loid) resembling starch; characterized by starchlike staining properties. the pathologic extracellular proteinaceous substance deposited in amyloidosis; it is a waxy eosinophilic material. Amyloid deposits are composed primarily of straight, nonbranching fibrils arranged either in bundles or in...

amylo-1,6-glucosidase
(am″ә-lo-gloo-ko´sĭ-dās) debrancher enzyme.

amylogenesis
(am″ә-lo-jen´ә-sis) the formation of starch. adj., amylogen´ic. , adj.

amylase
(am´ә-lās) an enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of starch into simpler compounds. The α-amylases occur in animals and include pancreatic and salivary amylase; the β-amylases occur in higher plants. Measurement of serum α-amylase activity is an important diagnostic test for acute and ch...

amylaceous
(am″ә-la´shәs) composed of or resembling starch.

amyl nitrite
(am´il ni´trīt) a volatile, flammable liquid with a pungent ethereal odor. It is administered by inhalation for the treatment of cyanide poisoning, producing methemoglobin which binds cyanide, and as a diagnostic aid in tests of reserve cardiac function and diagnosis of certain heart murmurs. It is abused to produce euph...

amygdaline
(ә-mig´dә-lēn″) like an almond. tonsillar.

amygdaloid body
a small mass of subcortical gray matter within the tip of the temporal lobe, anterior to the inferior horn of the lateral ventricle of the brain. It is part of the limbic system.

amygdalin
(ә-mig´dә-lin) a glycoside from kernels and pits of bitter almonds, apricots, cherries, peaches, and apples, as well as certain other plant parts. Crushed and moistened residues release an enzyme that catalyzes a chemical reaction leading to release of hydrogen cyanide, so that excessive ingestion can be tox...

amyelus
(a-mi´ә-lәs) a fetus with no spinal cord.

amygdala
(ә-mig´dә-lә) an almond-shaped structure. corpus amygdaloideum.

amyelia
(a″mi-e´le-ә) congenital absence of the spinal cord.

amyelinic
(a-mi″ә-lin´ik) without myelin.

amyelonic
(a-mi″ә-lon´ik) characterized by amyelia; having no spinal cord. having no marrow.

Amsler grid
the grid on an Amsler chart.

amusia
(ә-mu´ze-ә) loss of ability to produce (motor amusia) or to recognize (sensory amusia) musical sounds.

Amsler charts
a set of charts used for the detection and measurement of visual field defects; they contain geometric patterns, such as grids or parallel lines, printed in white on a black background, with a dot in the center. The patient looks at the dot with one eye closed; defects in the visual field will cause the patient to see irr...

amsacrine
(am´sә-krēn) an antineoplastic agent that inhibits DNA synthesis; used to treat some forms of leukemia.

amputation in contiguity
amputation at a joint.

amputation in continuity
amputation of a limb elsewhere than at a joint.

amputation neuroma
traumatic neuroma occurring after amputation of a limb or other part.

amrinone
(am´rĭ-nōn) inamrinone.

ampullary crest
ampullar crest.

amputating ulcer
ulceration that encircles a part and destroys the tissues to the bone.

amputation
(am″pu-ta´shәn) the removal of a limb, other appendage, or other body part.

ampullar pregnancy
ectopic pregnancy in the ampulla of the uterine tube.

ampullary carcinoma
a subset of periampullary carcinoma that comprises tumors arising in the immediate vicinity of the sphincter of Oddi.

ampullar crest
the most prominent part of a localized thickening of the membrane that lines the ampullae of the semicircular ducts, covered with neuroepithelium containing endings of the vestibular nerve.

ampullae osseae
(am-pul´e os´e-e) the dilatations at one of the ends of the semicircular canals.

ampulla of uterine tube
the thin-walled, almost muscle-free, midregion of the uterine tube; its mucosa is greatly plicated.

ampulla of Vater
hepatopancreatic ampulla.

ampullae membranaceae
(am-pul´e mem″brә-na´se-e) membranous ampullae: the dilatations at one end of each of the three semicircular ducts.

ampulla of Thoma
one of the small terminal expansions of an interlobar artery in the pulp of the spleen.

ampulla ductus deferentis
(am-pul´ә duk´tәs def´ә-ren´tis) the enlarged and tortuous distal end of the ductus deferens.

ampulla
(am-pul´ә) pl. ampul´lae a flasklike dilatation of a tubular structure, especially of the expanded ends of the semicircular canals of the ear.

amprenavir
(am-pren´ә-vir) an HIV protease inhibitor used in the treatment of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection; administered orally.

ampule
(am´pūl) a small, hermetically sealed flask or container made of glass or polyethylene, such as one containing medication for parenteral administration.

amplitude
(am´plә-tldbomacd) largeness, fullness; wideness or breadth of range or extent. in conventional tomography, the motion of the x-ray tube (with the cassette moving in the opposite direction) during the x-ray exposure.

amplitude of accommodation
range of accommodation.

amplifier T lymphocytes
a T lymphocyte of the CD8 cell type that modifies a developing immune response by releasing nonspecific signals to which other T lymphocytes (either effector or suppressor cells) respond.

amplification
(am″plĭ-fĭ-ka´shәn) the act or result of increasing in number, size, power, or other variable, such as the increase of an auditory or visual stimulus as a means of improving its perception. DNA amplification an in vitro nucleic acid amplification technique in w...

Amplatz coronary catheter
a J-shaped angiographic catheter used as an alternative to a Judkins coronary catheter in coronary arteriography.

amphotony
(am-fot´ә-ne) hypertonia of the entire autonomic nervous system.

ampicillin
(am″pĭ-sil´in) a broad-spectrum antibiotic, a penicillin of synthetic origin, adminsistered orally as the base or intramuscularly or intravenously as the sodium salt. It is effective against a broad spectrum of gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria.

amphoteric
(am-fә-ter´ik) capable of acting as both an acid and a base; capable of neutralizing either bases or acids.

amphotericin B
(am″fә-ter´ĭ-sin) an antifungal agent and antibiotic used to treat deep-seated fungal infections, especially histoplasmosis, and also to treat cutaneous and mucocutaneous candidiasis. It may be applied topically or administered intravenously or by intracavitary instillation. Anorexia, chills, fever, and ...

amphoric
(am-for´ik) pertaining to a bottle; resembling the sound made by blowing across the neck of a bottle.

amphoric resonance
a sound resembling that produced by blowing over the mouth of an empty bottle.

amphophilic
(am-fo-fil´ik) staining with either acid or basic dyes.

amphophilic cell
one that stains readily with either acid or basic dyes.

amphophil
(am´fo-fil) a cell or element that is amphophilic.

amphophil granules
granules that stain with both acid and basic

amphitrichous
(am-fit´rĭ-kәs) having flagella at each end.

amphicentric
(am″fĭ-sen´trik) beginning and ending in the same vessel.

amphidiarthrosis
(am″fĭ-di″ahr-thro´sis) a joint having the nature of both ginglymus and arthrodia, as that of the lower jaw. Amphidiarthrosis, exemplified by the temporomandibular joint. Arrows show the gliding component (arthrodia or articulatio plana) and hinge component (gin...

amphibolic pathway
a group of metabolic reactions with a dual function, providing small metabolites for further catabolism to end products or for use as precursors in synthetic, anabolic reactions. The tricarboxylic acid cycle is an example. See also anabolism and catabolism.

amphiarthrosis
(am″fe-ahr-thro´sis) a joint in which the surfaces are connected by disks of fibrocartilage, as between vertebrae.

Amphibia
(am-fib´e-ә) a class of animals that breathe by means of gills in the larval state but after metamorphosis breathe by means of lungs.

amphetamine
(am-fet´ә-mēn″) a white crystalline powder used as a central nervous system stimulant. It is odorless and has a slightly bitter taste. any of a group of drugs closely related to this substance and having similar actions, such as methamphetamine and dextroamphetamine. See also drug abuse and drug...

ampere-hour
(am´pēr our´) a unit of electric charge, being the amount of charge that passes a given point as a current of one ampere in one hour.

Amoxil
(ә-mok´sil) trademark for preparations of amoxicillin, an antimicrobial.

AMP
adenosine monophosphate. 3bprime,5bprime-AMP cyclic adenosine monophosphate.

ampere
(A) (am´pēr) the base SI unit of electric current strength, defined in terms of the force of attraction between two parallel conductors carrying current.

amoxicillin
(ә-mok″sĭ-sil´in) an antibiotic that is a penicillin analogue similar in action to ampicillin but more efficiently absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract and therefore requiring less frequent dosage and not as likely to cause diarrhea.

Amoss sign
in painful flexure of the spine, patients, when rising to a sitting posture from lying in bed, do so by supporting themselves with the hands placed far back in the bed.

amoxapine
(ә-mok´sә-pēn) a tricyclic antidepressant of the dibenzoxazepine class; administered orally.

amorph
(a´morf) silent allele.

amorphia
(ә-mor´fe-ә) the state of being amorphous.

amorphism
(ә-mor´fiz-әm) amorphia.

amoric
(ә-mo´rik) without particles.

Amoeba
(ә-me´bә) a genus of ameboid protozoa, most of which are free-living. Those parasitic in humans and once included in this genus have been assigned to other genera.

amodiaquine
(am″o-di´ә-kwin) an antimalarial, administered orally as the hydrochloride salt in the treatment of malaria, especially falciparum malaria.

amobarbital
(am″o-bahr´bĭ-tәl) a barbiturate used as a short-acting sedative and hypnotic. Effects develop rapidly and the drug is eliminated more quickly than other barbiturates.

amniotomy
(am″ne-ot´ә-me) surgical rupture of the fetal membranes; this results in drainage of the amniotic fluid and thus hastens labor by allowing the fetus's head to fit more snugly into the dilating cervix.

amniotome
(am´ne-ә-tōm″) an instrument for puncturing the fetal membranes.

amniotic sac
the sac formed by the amnion, enclosing the fetus suspended in amniotic fluid; popularly known as the bag of waters.

amniotic fold
the folded edge of the amnion where it rises over and finally encloses the embryo.

amniotic infection syndrome of Blane
a syndrome in which fetal sepsis follows swallowing and at times aspiration of contaminated amniotic fluid.

amniotic cavity
the closed sac between the embryo and the amnion, containing the amniotic fluid.

amniotic fluid
the albuminous fluid contained in the amniotic sac. The fetus floats in this fluid, which serves as a cushion against injury from sudden blows or movements and helps maintain a constant body temperature for the fetus. Normally the fluid is clear and slightly alkaline; discoloration or excessive cloudiness may indicate fetal ...

amniotic band syndrome
a condition characterized by isolated or multiple constriction defects of the fingers, toes, limbs, and less frequently the skull, face, or viscera. It results from a tear of unknown etiology in the amnion, which allows amniotic fluid and fetal parts to escape from the amnion into the chorion. When the amnion and chorion ...

amnioscope
(am´ne-o-skōp″) an endoscope that, by introduction into the cervical canal, permits direct visualization of the fetus and amniotic fluid.

amniotic
(am″ne-ot´ik) pertaining to the amnion.

amniorrhea
(am″ne-o-re´ә) escape of the amniotic fluid.

amniorrhexis
(am″ne-o-rek´sis) rupture of the amnion.

amnionitis
(am″ne-o-ni´tis) inflammation of the amnion, a manifestation of an intrauterine infection, often associated with prolonged membrane rupture and long labor.

amnion
(am´ne-on) the innermost fetal membrane, which forms a sac filled with amniotic fluid that surrounds the embryo and later the fetus; as it enlarges it gradually obliterates the chorionic cavity and enfolds the umbilical cord. Called also bag of waters. Amnion, chorion, and other em...

amnioinfusion
(am″ne-o-in-fu´zhәn) injection of solutions into the amniotic fluid, usually to induce abortion. infusion of normal saline to increase intra-amniotic fluid in cases of oligohydramnios or rupture of the membranes; this may reduce the number and severity of variable decelerations due to cord compressio...

amniography
(am″ne-og´rә-fe) radiography of the pregnant uterus after injection of an opaque contrast medium into the amniotic fluid.

amniochorial
(am″ne-o-kor´e-әl) pertaining to amnion and chorion.

amniogenesis
(am″ne-o-jen´ә-sis) the development of the amnion.

amniocentesis
(am″ne-o-sen-te´sis) transabdominal perforation of the amniotic sac in order to obtain a sample of amniotic fluid, which contains cells shed from the skin of the fetus as well as biochemical substances. Analyses of changes in chemical and cellular composition of the fluid are helpful in assessing the maturation an...

amnestic syndrome
a mental disorder characterized by impairment in short- and long-term memory, with anterograde and sometimes retrograde amnesia, occurring in a normal state of consciousness. Disorientation, confabulation, and a lack of insight into the memory deficit may be present. The most common cause is thiamine deficiency associated with ...

amnestic apraxia
loss of ability to carry out a movement on command due to inability to remember the command.

amnestic disorders
mental disorders characterized by acquired impairment in the ability to learn and recall new information, sometimes accompanied by inability to recall previously learned information, and not coupled to dementia or delirium. The disorders are subclassified on the basis of etiology as amnestic disorder due to a general medi...

amnestic
(am-nes´tik) characterized by or pertaining to amnesia.

amnestic aphasia
anomic aphasia.

ammoniuria
(ә-mo″ne-u´re-ә) hyperammonuria.

amnesia
(am-ne´zhә) pathologic impairment of memory, usually the result of physical damage to areas of the brain from injury, disease, or alcoholism. Psychologic factors may also cause this; a shocking or unacceptable situation may be too painful to remember, with the situation being retained only in the subconsciou...

ammoniate
(ә-mo´ne-āt) to combine with ammonia.

ammonium
(ә-mo´ne-әm) a hypothetical radical, NH4, forming salts analogous to those of the alkaline metals. ammonium carbonate a mixture of ammonium compounds used as a liquefying expectorant in the treatment of chronic bronchitis and similar lung disorders. It is sometimes us...

ammonia dermatitis
diaper dermatitis.

Ammon operation
blepharoplasty by a flap from the cheek. dacryocystotomy. for epicanthus: resection of a spindle-shaped piece of skin over the bridge of the nose, undermining the flaps of the epicanthal fold, and closing with sutures.

ammonia
(ә-mōn´yә) a colorless alkaline gas, NH3, with a pungent odor and acrid taste, and soluble in water. ammonia N 13 ammonia in which a portion of the molecules are labeled with 13N; used in positron emission tomography of the cardiovascular system, brain, and liver.

ammeter
(am´me-tәr) an instrument for measuring in amperes the strength of a current flowing in a circuit.

amlexanox
(am-lek´sә-noks″) a topical antiulcerative agent used in treatment of recurrent aphthous stomatitis.

amlodipine
(am-lo´dĭ-pēn″) a calcium channel blocking agent administered orally in the form of the besylate salt in treatment of hypertension and chronic stable and vasospastic angina.

amitriptyline
(am″ĭ-trip´tә-lēn) a tricyclic antidepressant with sedative effects; also used in treating enuresis, chronic pain, peptic ulcer, and bulimia nervosa.

AML
acute myelogenous leukemia.

amiodarone
(ә-me´o-dә-rōn″) a potassium channel blocking agent used orally or by intravenous infusion as the hydrochloride salt in treatment of ventricular arrhythmias.

amitosis
(am″ĭ-to´sis) direct cell division; simple cleavage of the nucleus without the formation of a spindle figure or chromosomes. adj., amitot´ic., adj.

aminuria
(am″ĭ-nu´re-ә) an excess of amines in the urine.

Aminosol
(ә-me´no-sol) trademark for an amino acid preparation for intravenous injection.

aminotransferase
(ә-me″no-trans´fәr-ās) transaminase.

aminosalicylic acid
(ә-me″no-sal-ĭ-sil´ik) official pharmaceutical name for p-aminosalicylic acid.

aminoquinoline
(ә-me″no-kwin´o-lēn) a heterocyclic compound derived from quinoline by the addition of an amino group; the 4-aminoquinoline and 8-aminoquinoline derivatives are groups of antimalarial agents.

aminosalicylate
(ә-me″no-sә-lis´ә-lāt) any salt of p-aminosalicylic acid; they are antibacterials effective against mycobacteria and the sodium salt is used orally as a tuberculostatic.

aminopyrine breath test
a breath test done to measure liver function. The patient is given a dose of carbon 14–labeled aminopyrine and at 15-minute intervals for two hours the amount of labeled carbon dioxide in the patient's breath is measured. Excessively low levels of carbon dioxide indicate impaired liver function, such as cirrhosis.

aminopyrine
(ә-me″no-pi´rēn) a compound chemically related to the analgesic antipyrine, used in liver function tests. See aminopyrine breath test.

aminophylline
(am″ĭ-nof´ә-lin) a mixture of theophylline and ethylenediamine, acting as a respiratory stimulant, smooth muscle relaxant, myocardial stimulant, and diuretic. It is used as a bronchodilator and also as an antidote to dipyridamole toxicity. Administration may be oral, intramuscular, intravenous, or rectal.

aminolevulinic acid
(ALA) (ә-me″no-lev″u-lin´ik) δ-aminolevulinic acid; a precursor of porphyrins and hemoglobin; serum levels of this acid are elevated in lead poisoning and urinary levels are increased in some porphyrias. The hydrochloride salt is used as a topical photosensitizer in the treatment ...

aminoglycoside
(ә-me″no-gli´ko-sīd) any of a group of antibacterial antibiotics derived from species of Streptomyces; they interfere with the function of bacterial ribosomes. They contain an inositol moiety substituted with two amino or guanidino groups and with one or more sugars or aminosugars. The group includes am...

aminoglutethimide
(ә-me″no-gloo-teth´ĭ-mīd) an antihormone that inhibits conversion of cholesterol to pregnenolone, thus reducing adrenocortical steroid synthesis; administered orally in treatment of Cushing syndrome. It also inhibits conversion of androstenedione to estrone in peripheral tissues and is sometimes us...

aminobenzoate
(ә-me″no-ben´zo-āt) p-aminobenzoate, any salt or ester of p-aminobenzoic acid; the potassium salt is administered orally as an antifibrotic in some dermatologic disorders and various substituted esters, such as padimate O are used as topical sunscreens.

aminoaciduria cataract
capsular thickening occurring in aminoaciduria, homocystinuria, and oculocerebrorenal syndrome.

aminoaciduria
(ә-me″no-as″ĭ-du´re-ә) an excess of amino acids in the urine; it may be either the overflow type caused by excessive levels in the blood, or the renal type caused by defective transport mechanisms in the renal tubules. Many types are called by the name of the amino acid plus the suffix -uria...

aminoacidopathy
(ә-me″no-as″ĭ-dop´ә-the) any inborn error of metabolism of amino acids that produces a metabolic block that results in accumulation of one or more amino acids in the blood (aminoacidemia) or excess excretion in the urine (aminoaciduria), or both.

aminoacetic acid
(ә-me″no-ә-se´tik) glycine.

aminoacidemia
(ә-me″no-as″ĭ-de´me-ә) an excess of amino acids in the blood.

amino acid
any of a class of organic compounds containing the amino (NH2) and the carboxyl (COOH) groups, occurring naturally in plant and animal tissues and forming the chief constituents of protein. Twenty amino acids are necessary for protein synthesis. Eleven (the nonessential amino acids) can be synthesized by the human body and thus are n...

amine precursor uptake and decarboxylation cells
APUD cells.

amino
(ә-me´no) (am´ĭ-no″) the monovalent radical NH2, when not united with an acid radical.

amine
(ә-mēn´) (am´in) an organic compound containing nitrogen. biogenic amine bioamine. sympathomimetic amines amines that mimic the actions of the sympathetic nervous system, the group includes the catecholamines and drugs that mimic...

amiloxate
(am″il-ok´sāt) an absorber of ultraviolet B radiation, used topically as a sunscreen.

amimia
(a-mim´e-ә) loss of the power of expression by the use of signs or gestures.

amiloride
(ә-mil´ә-rīd) a potassium sparing diuretic, used as the hydrochloride salt, usually in combination with hydrochlorothiazide, in the treatment of edema and hypertension and the prevention and treatment of hypokalemia.

Amigen
(am´ĭ-jen) trademark for a protein hydrolysate preparation for intravenous injection as a fluid and nutrient replenisher.

amikacin
(am″ĭ-ka´sin) a semisynthetic aminoglycoside antibiotic derived from kanamycin, used as the sulfate salt in the treatment of a wide range of infections due to susceptible gram-negative organisms.

amifostine
(am″ĭ-fos´tēn) a chemoprotectant used to prevent renal toxicity in cisplatin chemotherapy and to reduce esophagitis, xerostomia, and loss of taste in patients receiving radiation therapy for head, neck, or lung cancer.

amido
(am´ĭ-do) the monovalent radical NH2 united with the radical CO.

amide
(am´īd) any compound derived from ammonia by substitution of an acyl radical for hydrogen, or from an acid by replacing the sbondOH group by sbondNH2.

AMI
acute myocardial infarction.

amiculum
(ә-mik´u-lәm) pl. ami´cula a dense, surrounding coat of white fibers, as the sheath of the inferior olive and of the dentate nucleus.

ametropia
(am″ә-tro´pe-ә) an ocular disorder in which parallel rays fail to come to a focus on the retina. adj., ametrop´ic., adj.

ametria
(a-me´tre-ә) congenital absence of the uterus.

Ames test
(āmz) a test for mutagenic substances, in which a strain of Salmonella typhimurium that lacks the enzyme necessary for histidine synthesis is cultured in the absence of histidine and in the presence of the suspected mutagen. If the substance causes DNA damage resulting in mutations, some of the bacteria will regain...

americium
(Am) (am″әr-is´e-әm) a radioactive chemical element, atomic number 95, atomic weight 243.

American Type Culture Collection
(ATCC) an organization in Rockville, Maryland, established as a depository for reference cultures. It maintains and distributes authentic reference strains of algae, bacteria, fungi, protozoa, bacteriophages, and viruses, as well as cell lines of animal tissues.

American leishmaniasis
forms of cutaneous leishmaniasis and visceral leishmaniasis found in the Americas.

American Nurses Association
(ANA) the national organization and official spokesperson for registered nurses. It was founded in 1896 and exists for the purposes of improving the standards of nursing and promoting the general welfare of professional nurses. The association is a federation of local organizations in the 50 states, the Dist...

American Joint Committee on Cancer
(AJCC) a nonprofit organization that creates and publishes systems of classification for cancer staging, such as the tnm staging system and Collaborative Stage Data collection systems.

American Law Institute Formulation
a section of the American Law Institute Model Penal Code: “A person is not responsible for criminal conduct if at the time of such conduct as a result of mental disease or defect he lacks substantial capacity either to appreciate the criminality [wrongfulness] of his conduct or to conform his conduct to the requirem...

American Health Information Management Association
(AHIMA) an organization founded in 1928 for individuals interested in health systems information management, biostatistics, classification systems, and systems analysis. An important function is the certification of medical record personnel as registered record administrators and accredited record technicians (see...

amentia
(ә-men´shә) former term for profound mental retardation.

American Association of Retired Persons
(AARP) the largest organization for older people in the United States. It serves the elderly through extensive lobbying at the federal level, maintaining a high-volume pharmaceutical service, publishing a variety of printed materials, and performing other services.

amenorrhea
(ә-men″o-re´ә) absence of the menses. adj., amenorrhe´al., adj.

amensalism
(a-men´sәl-iz-әm) interaction between coexisting populations of different species, one of which is adversely affected and the other unaffected.

amelus
(am´ә-lәs) an individual exhibiting amelia.

amelogenic
(am″ә-lo-jen´ik) forming enamel.

amelodentinal
(am″ә-lo-den´tĭ-nәl) pertaining to dental enamel and dentin.

amelogenesis
(am″ә-lo-jen´ә-sis) formation of dental enamel. amelogenesis imperfecta a hereditary disease in which there is imperfect formation of enamel, resulting in brownish coloration and friability of the teeth.

ameloblastoma
(am″ә-lo-blas-to´mә) a usually benign but locally invasive odontogenic tumor of tissue of the type characteristic of the enamel organ, but which does not differentiate to the point of enamel formation. melanotic ameloblastoma melanotic neuroectodermal tumor. ...

ameloblastic hemangioma
hemangioameloblastoma.

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