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Dorland's Medical Dictionary Category: Health and Medicine More specific: Medical Dictionary County & Date: US, Health and Medicine Words: 200

angiomatosis
(an″je-o-mә-to´sis) the presence of multiple angiomas. encephalofacial angiomatosis , encephalotrigeminal angiomatosis Sturge-Weber syndrome. angiomatosis of retina diseased retinal blood vessels with subretinal hemorrhages.

angioma serpiginosum
(an-je-o´mә sәr-pij″i-no´sәm) a skin disease marked by tiny red vascular points arranged in rings on the skin.

angioma cavernosum
(an-je-o´mә kav″әr-no´sәm) cavernous hemangioma.

angioma
(an″je-o´mә) a benign tumor made up of blood vessels (hemangioma) or lymph vessels (lymphangioma) adj., angiom´atous., adj.

angiolysis
(an″je-ol´ĭ-sis) retrogression or obliteration of blood vessels, as in embryologic development.

angiology
(an″je-ol´ә-je) scientific study or description of the blood and lymph vessels.

angiolymphoid hyperplasia with eosinophilia
a type of erythematous dermal or subcutaneous nodule, usually on the head or neck of a young adult, found singly or in groups, sometimes with lymphadenopathy, and characterized histologically by lymphoid hyperplasia, angioid proliferation, and tissue eosinophilia. The more superficial, usually larger, lesions have been ca...

angiolipoma
(an″je-o-lĭ-po´mә) an often painful lipoma containing clusters of thin-walled proliferating blood vessels.

angiolithic degeneration
degeneration with mineral deposits and hyaline changes in the coats of the vessels.

angiokinetic
(an″je-o-kĭ-net´ik) vasomotor.

angioleiomyoma
(an″je-o-li″o-mi-o´mә) a leiomyoma arising from vascular smooth muscle, usually a solitary, nodular, sometimes painful, tumor on the lower limb in middle-aged women; it is often more deeply situated than ordinary leiomyoma and is usually subcutaneous.

angiokeratoma
(an″je-o-ker″ә-to´mә) a dermatosis marked by telangiectasia with secondary epithelial changes, including acanthosis and hyperkeratosis.

angioid
(an´je-oid) resembling blood vessels.

angioimmunoblastic lymphadenopathy
angioimmunoblastic lymphadenopathy with dysproteinemia(AILD) a systemic disorder resembling lymphoma, characterized by fever, night sweats, weight loss, generalized lymphadenopathy, enlarged liver and spleen, a rash, polyclonal hypergammaglobulinemia, and Coombs'-positive hemolytic anemia. It is considered to be a...

angiohyalinosis
(an″je-o-hi″ә-lĭ-no´sis) hyaline degeneration of the walls of blood vessels.

angiohemophilia
(an″je-o-he´mo-fil´e-ә) von Willebrand disease.

angiography
(an″je-og´rә-fe) radiography of vessels of the body after injection of contrast material; see also arteriography, lymphangiography, and phlebography. Called also vasography. digital subtraction angiography radiographic visualization of blood vessels, with images produced by su...

angiographic catheter
one through which a contrast medium is injected for visualization of the vascular system of an organ. Such catheters may have preformed ends to facilitate selective locating (as in a renal or coronary vessel) from a remote entry site. They may be named according to the site of entry and destination, such as femoral-renal ...

angiogram
(an´je-o-gram″) a radiograph of a blood vessel.

angiogranuloma
(an″je-o-gran″u-lo´mә) an angioma containing granulation tissue, which represents a vasoproliferative inflammatory response. When the epithelial surface is ulcerated and suppuration is evident, the lesion is referred to as pyogenic granuloma.

angiogenesis inhibitor
any of a group of drugs that prevent neovascularization of solid tumors.

angiogenesis factor
a substance that causes the growth of new blood vessels, found in tissues with high metabolic requirements such as cancers and the retina. It is also released by hypoxic macrophages at the edges or outer surface of a wound and initiates revascularization in wound healing.

angiogenesis
(an″je-o-jen´ә-sis) development of blood vessels in the embryo. any formation of new blood vessels; see also neovascularization (def. 2) and revascularization. Called also angiopoiesis and vasculogenesis. adj., angiogenic., adj. tumor angiogenesis the in...

angiofollicular
(an″je-o-fŏ-lik´u-lәr) pertaining to a lymphoid follicle and its blood vessels.

angioendotheliomatosis
(an″je-o-en″do-the″le-o-mә-to´sis) intravascular proliferation of tumors derived from endothelial cells; there are both benign and malignant varieties.

angiofibroma
(an″je-o-fi-bro´mә) an angioma containing fibrous tissue. juvenile nasopharyngeal angiofibroma a benign tumor of the nasopharynx composed of fibrous connective tissue with abundant endothelium-lined vascular spaces, usually occurring during puberty in boys. Nasal obst...

angioendothelioma
(an″je-o-en″do-the″le-o´mә) hemangioendothelioma.

angioedema
(an″je-o-ә-de´mә) a localized edematous reaction of the deep dermis or subcutaneous or submucosal tissues appearing as giant wheals; urticaria is the same physiologic reaction occurring in the superficial portions of the dermis. hereditary angioedema C1 inhibitor deficie...

angiodermatitis
(an″je-o-dur″mә-ti´tis) inflammation of the vessels of the skin; when it is associated with arteriovenous fistula it is known as pseudo–Kaposi sarcoma.

angiodysplasia
(an″je-o-dis-pla´zhә) small vascular abnormalities, such as of the intestinal tract.

angiocarditis
(an″je-o-kahr-di´tis) inflammation of the heart and blood vessels.

angiocentric immunoproliferative lesion
a multisystem disease with adult onset, consisting of invasion and destruction of body structures and tissue by atypical cells resembling those of a lymphoma; many affected patients develop frank lymphoma. Two subtypes are lymphomatoid granulomatosis and malignant midline reticulosis.

angiocardiokinetic
(an″je-o-kahr″de-o-kĭ-net´ik) pertaining to dilation and contraction of the heart and blood vessels.

angiocardiography
(an″je-o-kahr″de-og´rә-fe) a radiographic diagnostic study of the heart in which valves and vessels are examined via x-ray and fluoroscopy following the introduction of contrast media. See cardiac catheterization. equilibrium radionuclide angiocardiography a form o...

angiocardiogram
(an″je-o-kahr´de-o-gram) a radiograph made during cardiac catheterization or coronary arteriography.

anginoid
(an´jĭ-noid) resembling angina.

angioblast
(an´je-o-blast″) the earliest formative tissue from which blood cells and blood vessels arise. an individual vessel-forming cell. adj., angioblast´ic., adj.

angioblastoma
(an″je-o-blas-to´mә) hemangioblastoma. a blood vessel tumor arising from the meninges of the brain or spinal cord; called also angioblastic meningioma.

angina pectoris
(an-ji´nә pek´tә-ris) acute pain in the chest resulting from not enough blood reaching the heart muscle myocardial ischemia ; pain is usually brought on by physical activity or emotional stress when those things increase the need for blood to supply the heart muscle. Some patients can predict the kinds of ev...

angina cruris
(an-ji´nә kroo´ris) intermittent claudication.

angina herpetica
(an-ji´nә hәr-pet´ĭ-kә) herpangina

angina
(an-ji´nә) (an´jĭ-nә) spasmodic, choking, or suffocative pain; now used almost exclusively to denote angina pectoris. adj., an´ginal., adj.

angiitis
(an″je-i´tis) pl. angii´tides vasculitis. allergic granulomatous angiitis Churg-Strauss syndrome.

angiectomy
(an″je-ek´tә-me) surgical excision of part of a blood or lymph vessel.

angiectasis
(an″je-ek´tә-sis) abnormal, often extreme, dilatation of a blood or lymphatic vessel. See also lymphangiectasis and vasodilation. adj., angiectat´ic., adj.

Anghelescu sign
inability to bend the spine while lying on the back so as to rest on the head and heels alone, seen in tuberculosis of the vertebrae.

Angelucci syndrome
(ahn″jә-loo´che) excitable temperament, palpitation, and vasomotor disturbance in patients with vernal conjunctivitis.

Angelman syndrome
(ān´jәl-mәn) an autosomal recessive syndrome characterized by jerky puppetlike movements, frequent laughter, mental and motor retardation, peculiar open-mouthed expression, and seizures. It can be caused by a deletion on chromosome 15 inherited from the mother; the same deletion inherited from the...

Angelchik prosthesis
a C-shaped silicone device used in the management of reflux esophagitis; it can also be placed around the distal esophagus during a laparotomy.

ANF
atrial natriuretic factor.

aneurysmorrhaphy
(an″u-riz-mor´ә-fe) suture closure of an aneurysm.

aneurysmoplasty
(an″u-riz´mo-plas″te) plastic repair of an artery for aneurysm.

aneurysmal sac
the chamber of a sacculated aneurysm.

aneurysmectomy
(an″u-riz-mek´tә-me) surgical excision of an aneurysm.

aneurysm needle
a blunt-pointed, curved needle with the eye at the point; used for passing ligatures around aneurysms or vessels.

aneurysmal bone cyst
a benign, rapidly growing, osteolytic lesion, usually of childhood, characterized by blood-filled cystic spaces lined by bony or fibrous septa.

aneurysm
(an´u-riz″әm) a sac formed by localized dilatation of the wall of an artery, a vein, or the heart; the most common site is the abdominal aorta (see abdominal aortic aneurysm). adj., aneurys´mal., adj.

aneuploidy
(an´u-ploi″de) the state of having chromosomes in a number that is not an exact multiple of the haploid number. adj., an´euploid., adj.

anetoderma
(an″ә-to-dur´mә) a rare type of localized elastolysis producing circumscribed areas of soft, thin, wrinkled skin that often protrude as small outpouchings. It may be a primary condition or it may be secondary to some other condition involving the skin, such as syphilis, leprosy, or tuberculosis.

anesthetist
(ә-nes´thә-tist) a person trained in administering anesthetics.

anesthetization
(ә-nes″thә-tĭ-za´shәn) production of anesthesia.

anesthesiology
(an″әs-the″ze-ol´ә-je) the branch of medicine concerned with administration of anesthetics and the condition of the patient while under anesthesia.

anesthetic
(an″әs-thet´ik) pertaining to, characterized by, or producing anesthesia. a drug or agent used to abolish the sensation of pain, to achieve adequate muscle relaxation during surgery, to calm fear and allay anxiety, and to produce amnesia for the event. inhalational anesthet...

anesthesiologist
(an″әs-the″ze-ol´ә-jist) one who specializes in anesthesiology.

anesthesia
(an″es-the´zhә) lack of feeling or sensation. artificially induced loss of ability to feel pain, done to permit the performance of surgery or other painful procedures. It may be produced by a number of agents (anesthetics) capable of bringing about partial or complete loss of sensation.

anesthecinesia
(an-es″the-sĭ-ne´zhә) combined sensory and motor paralysis.

anergy
(an´әr-je) lack of energy; extreme passivity. diminished reactivity to specific antigen(s). adj., aner´gic., adj.

anephric
(a-nef´rik) without kidneys.

anencephaly
(an″әn-sef´ә-le) congenital absence of the cranial vault, with the cerebral hemispheres completely missing or reduced to small masses. adj., anencephal´ic., adj.

anemic hypoxia
hypoxia due to lowered oxygen-carrying capacity of the blood; this may be either from a decrease in total hemoglobin or a change in components of the hemoglobin.

anemic
(ә-ne´mik) pertaining to anemia.

anemia refractoria sideroblastica
(ә-ne´me-ә re-frak-tor´e-ә sid″әr-o-blas´tĭ-kә) refractory sideroblastic anemia.

anemia neonatorum
(ә-ne´me-ә ne″o-na-to´rәm) erythroblastosis fetalis.

anemia of chronic disease
anemia of chronic disorders mild to moderate anemia secondary to any of numerous chronic diseases lasting more than two months, such as infections, inflammatory conditions, or malignancies, characterized by hypoferremia in combination with siderosis of the reticuloendothelial system.

anemia
(ә-ne´me-ә) a reduction below normal in the concentration of red blood cells or hemoglobin in the blood, measured per mm3 or by volume of packed red blood cells in 100 mL of blood; it occurs when the equilibrium is disturbed between blood loss (through bleeding or destruction) and blood production.

anejaculation
(an″e-jak″u-la´shәn) failure of ejaculation of semen from the urinary meatus in sexual intercourse.

anelectrotonic zone
polar zone.

Anectine
(an-ek´tin) trademark for preparations of succinylcholine, a neuromuscular blocking agent.

anechoic
(an-ә-ko´ik) without echoes, such as a room used for hearing tests. sonolucent.

anectasis
(an-ek´tә-sis) congenital atelectasis due to developmental immaturity.

androsterone
(an-dros´tәr-ōn) an androgenic hormone, C19H30O2, excreted in the urine of both men and women. When injected intramuscularly, it counteracts the effects of castration.

androstenedione
(an″dro-stēn-di´ōn) (-stēn´de-ōn) an androgen, C19H30O2, less potent than testosterone, secreted by the testis, ovary, and adrenal cortex.

androstenediol
(an″dro-stēn-di´ol) (-stēn´de-ol) a crystalline androgenic steroid, C19H30O2.

androstene
(an´dro-stēn) an unsaturated cyclic hydrocarbon, C19H30, forming the nucleus of testosterone and certain other androgens.

androstane
(an´dro-stān) the hydrocarbon nucleus, C19H32, from which androgens are derived.

androstanediol
(an″dro-stān-di´ol) (-stān´de-ol) an androgen, C19H32O2, prepared by reducing androsterone.

andropause
(an´dro-pawz) a variable complex of symptoms, including a reduction in Leydig cell numbers and a decline in androgen production, occurring in men after middle age, purported to be analogous to menopause in women.

android pelvis
one with a wedge-shaped inlet and narrow anterior segment typically found in the male.

android obesity
obesity in which fat is localized around the waist and in the upper body, seen more often in men; this type has a poorer prognosis than gynoid obesity has. Called also abdominal or visceral obesity.

androgenic zone
fetal zone of adrenal cortex.

android
(an´droid) resembling a human being.

androgenic hormone
androgen.

androgenetic alopecia
the most common type of baldness, a progressive, diffuse, symmetric loss of scalp hair in which the follicles produce finer and lighter terminal hairs until terminal hair production stops. The cause is unknown but is thought to be a combination of genetic factors and increased response of hair follicles to androgens. In m...

androgenesis
(an″dro-jen´ә-sis) a phenomenon in which after fertilization of an oocyte whose chromosomes are absent or inactivated, the haploid spermatozoon duplicates its own chromosomes after meiosis, so that the zygote contains only paternal chromosomes. This is often associated with complete molar pregnancies.

androgen insensitivity syndrome
complete androgen resistance.

androgen resistance
resistance of target organs to the action of androgens; the result is any of a spectrum of defects from a normal male phenotype in which men have normal reproductive organs but infertility to complete androgen resistance in which the individual has a female phenotype. Complete androgen resistance is an extreme form of male pseudoherm...

androgen ablation therapy
androgen deprivationandrogen deprivation therapy a treatment for prostate cancer consisting of blocking production of androgens, such as by orchiectomy or administration of antiandrogens.

androgen
(an´dro-jәn) any steroid hormone that promotes male secondary sex characters. The two main androgens are androsterone and testosterone. Called also androgenic hormone. adj., androgen´ic., adj.

Anderson phenomenon
clumps of red blood cells in the feces, seen on microscopic examination in amebic dysentery.

Andes disease
(an´dēz) chronic mountain sickness.

androblastoma
(an″dro-blas-to´mә) a rare, generally benign sex cord tumor of the ovary. More than 60 per cent are associated wi

Andersen syndrome
(an´dәr-sәn) a combination of bronchiectasis, cystic fibrosis, and vitamin A deficiency.

Anders disease
(an´dәrs) adiposis dolorosa.

Andersen disease
(an´dәr-sәn) glycogen storage disease, type IV.

ancyroid
(an´sә-roid) shaped like an anchor or hook; called also ankyroid.

Ancylostomidae
(ang″kĭ-lo-) (an″sĭ-lo-sto´mĭ-de) the hookworms, a family of nematode parasites having two ventrolateral cutting plates at the entrance to a large buccal capsule, and small teeth at its base.

ancylostomiasis
(an″sĭ-los″to-mi´ә-sis) hookworm disease caused by species of Ancylostoma.

Ancylostoma
(ang″kĭ-los´tә-mә) (an″sĭ-los´tә-mә) a genus of parasitic hookworms. Ancylostoma americanum Necator americanus. Ancylostoma braziliense a species parasitic in dogs and cats in tropical and subtr...

ANCOVA
analysis of covariance.

ancrod
(an´krod) a proteinase obtained from the venom of the Malayan pit viper Agkistrodon rhodostoma, acting specifically on fibrinogen; used as an anticoagulant in the treatment of retinal vein occlusion and deep vein thrombosis and to prevent postoperative rethrombosis.

anconitis
(ang″ko-ni´tis) inflammation of the elbow joint.

ancipital
(an-sip´ĭ-tәl) two-edged or two-headed.

anconeal
(ang-ko´ne-әl) cubital.

anconeus muscle
origin, back of lateral epicondyle of humerus; insertion, olecranon and posterior surface of ulna; innervation, radial nerve; action, extends forearm.

anchorage
(ang´kәr-әj) fixation (def. 1), especially surgical fixation of a displaced viscus. in operative dentistry, fixation of fillings, or of artificial crowns or bridges. in orthodontics, the nature and degree of resistance to displacement offered by an anatomical unit when force is applied ...

anatricrotic pulse
one in which the ascending limb of the tracing shows three extra small waves or notches.

anatropia
(an″ә-tro´pe-ә) upward deviation of the visual axis of one eye when the other eye is fixing. adj., anatrop´ic., adj.

anchor splint
one for fracture of the jaw, with metal loops fitting over the teeth and held together by a rod.

anatomist
(ә-nat´ә-mist) one skilled in anatomy.

anatomy
(ә-nat´ә-me) the science dealing with the form and structure of living organisms.

anatomical reentry
reentry in which the block to conduction is an anatomical obstacle; it is usually described by the ring model.

anatomical position
that of the human body standing erect, palms facing forward; it is the position of reference in designating site or direction of structures of the body. The anatomical position for quadrupeds is standing with all four feet on the ground; the difference between animal and human anatomical position leads to confusion among ...

anatomical
(an″ә-tom´ĭ-kәl) pertaining to anatomy or to the structure of the organism.

anatomical neck of humerus
the constriction of the humerus just below its proximal articular surface.

anatomic pathology
the anatomical study of changes in the function, structure, or appearance of organs or tissues, including postmortem examinations and the study of biopsy specimens.

anatomic dead space
the airways of the mouth, nose, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, and bronchioles.

anat.
anatomy.

anatomic
(an″ә-tom´ik) anatomical.

anastrozole
(ә-nas´trә-zōl) an aromatase inhibitor used for treatment of advanced breast carcinoma in postmenopausal women; it inhibits conversion of circulating androgens into estrogens.

anastomosis
(ә-nas″tә-mo´sis) pl. anastomo´ses communication between two tubular organs. surgical, traumatic, or pathologic formation of a connection between two normally distinct structures. adj., anastomot´ic., adj.

anastomotic ulcer
a peptic ulcer near the site of a gastrectomy or gastroenterostomy; see also stomal ulcer.

anarthria
(an-ahr´thre-ә) severe dysarthria resulting in speechlessness.

anasarca
(an″ә-sahr´kә) generalized massive edema.

anarithmia
(an″ә-rith´me-ә) inability to count, due to a lesion of the brain.

anaptic
(ә-nap´tik) pertaining to or characterized by loss of the sense of touch.

Anaprox
(an´ә-proks) trademark for a preparation of naproxen sodium, a nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drug used in treatment of arthritis, acute attacks of gout and calcium pyrophosphate deposition disease, pain, dysmenorrhea, vascular headaches, and bursitis and tendinitis.

anapophysis
(an″ә-pof´ĭ-sis) an accessory vertebral process.

anaplastic
(an″ә-plas´tik) characterized by anaplasia.

anaplastic carcinoma of thyroid gland
anaplastic thyroid carcinoma a type of thyroid gland carcinoma with atypical cells of various types and patterns; it may be silent for years but then become highly malignant and locally invasive. It affects mainly the elderly and somewhat more women than men. Called also undifferentiated carcinoma of thyroid gland.

anaplasia
(an″ә-pla´zhә) loss of differentiation of cells and their orientation to each other, a characteristic of tumor cells; called also dedifferentiation and undifferentiation.

anaphylaxis
(an″ә-fә-lak´sis) an unusual or exaggerated allergic reaction to an unfamiliar protein or other substance. Substances most likely to cause this include certain drugs, vaccines, and antitoxins; diagnostic agents and contrast media; protein foods; venom from insect stings; pollen; molds; and animal dande...

anaphylatoxin
(an″ә-fil´ә-tok″sin) a substance produced by complement activation that causes the release of histamine and other mediators of immediate hypersensitivity from basophils and mast cells, thereby producing signs and symptoms of immediate hypersensitivity (anaphylaxis) without involvement of immunoglobulin...

anaphylactogenesis
(an″ә-fә-lak″to-jen´ә-sis) the production of anaphylaxis. adj., anaphylactogen´ic., adj.

anaphylactoid
(an″ә-fә-lak´toid) resembling anaphylaxis.

anaphylactoid reaction
a reaction resembling generalized anaphylaxis but not caused by an allergic reaction mediated by immunoglobulin E, but rather by a nonimmunologic mechanism.

anaphylactogen
(an″ә-fә-lak´to-jen) a substance that produces anaphylaxis.

anaphylactic reaction
anaphylaxis.

anaphylactic shock
a serious and profound state of shock brought about by hypersensitivity (anaphylaxis) to an allergen such as a drug, foreign protein, or toxin. Sometimes it occurs upon second injection of a patient with a previously injected serum or protein.

anaphylactic
(an″ә-fә-lak´tik) pertaining to or affected by anaphylaxis.

anaphylactic antibody
a substance formed as a result of the first injection of a foreign anaphylactogen and responsible for the anaphylactic symptoms following the second injection of the same anaphylactogen.

anaphrodisiac
(an″af-ro-diz´e-ak) repressing sexual desire. a drug that represses sexual desire.

anaphoresis
(an-ә-fә-re´sis) movement of charged particles toward the positive pole (anode) in electrophoresis.

anaphoria
(an″ә-for´e-ә) the tendency to tilt the head downward, with visual axes deviating upward, on looking straight ahead.

anaphia
(ә-na´fe-ә) lack or loss of the sense of touch.

anamniotic
(an″am-ne-ot´ik) having no amnion.

anaphase
(an´ә-fāz) the stage of cell division following metaphase, in which the chromatids lined up on the spindle move to the poles (anaphase A), followed by elongation of the cell and further separation of the poles (anaphase B).

anamnestic response
the rapid reappearance of antibody in the blood following introduction of an antigen to which the subject had previously developed a primary immune response.

anamnestic
(an″am-nes´tik) pertaining to anamnesis. aiding the memory.

anamnesis
(an″am-ne´sis) a medical or psychiatric patient case history, particularly using the patient's recollections. Compare catamnesis.

analytical balance
a weighing scale used in the laboratory, sensitive to variations of the order of 0.05 to 0.1 mg.

analyst
(an´ә-list) one who performs analysis. psychoanalyst.

analyte
(an´ә-līt) a substance or material determined by a chemical analysis.

analytic psychology
the system of psychology founded by Carl Gustav Jung. Its view of the dynamics of personality seeks to interpret human behavior from a philosophic, religious, and mystical, as well as scientific, viewpoint. Many of its concepts deal with disciplines and phenomena outside the field of psychology. Among these is the notion ...

analysis of variance
ANOVA; a statistical test used to examine differences among two or more groups by comparing the variability between the groups with the variability within the groups.

analysis of covariance
(ANCOVA) a variation of analysis of variance that adjusts for confounding by continuous variables.

analysand
(ә-nal´ĭ-sand) a person undergoing psychoanalysis.

analysis
(ә-nal´ĭ-sis) pl. anal´yses separation into component parts. psychoanalysis. adj., analyt´ic., adj.

analogy
(ә-nal´ә-je) the quality of being analogous; resemblance or similarity in function or appearance, but not in origin or development.

analogue
(an´ә-log) a part or organ having the same function as another, but of different evolutionary origin. a chemical compound having a structure similar to that of another but differing from it in respect to a certain component; it may have similar or opposite action metabolically. Also spelled analog.&n...

analogous
(ә-nal´ә-gәs) resembling or similar in some respects, as in function or appearance, but not in origin or development.

analog
(an´ә-log) analogue.

anality
(a-nal´ĭ-te) the psychic organization of all the sensations, impulses, and personality traits derived from the anal stage of psychosexual development.

analgia
(an-al´jә) painlessness. adj., anal´gic., adj.

analgesic nephropathy
interstitial nephritis with renal papillary necrosis, seen in patients with a history of abuse of analgesics such as aspirin or acetaminophen alone or in combination.

analgesic
(an″әl-je´zik) relieving pain. pertaining to analgesia. an agent that relieves pain without causing loss of consciousness. narcotic analgesic opioid analgesic. nonsteroidal antiinflammatory analgesic(NSAIA) ...

analeptic
(an″ә-lep´tik) stimulating, invigorating, or restorative. a drug that acts as a stimulant to the central nervous system, such as caffeine or amphetamine.

analgesia
(an″әl-je´ze-ә) absence of sensibility to pain, particularly the relief of pain without loss of consciousness; absence of pain or noxious stimulation.

anal triangle
the portion of the perineal region surrounding the anus.

analbuminemia
(an″al-bu″mĭ-ne´me-ә) absence or deficiency of serum albumins.

anal sphincter
either of two sphincters (the internal and external anal sphincters) that open and close to control evacuation of feces from the anus.

anal stage
in psychoanalytic theory, the second stage of psychosexual development, occurring between the ages of 1 and 3 years, during which the infant's activities, interests, and concerns are on the anal zone. It is preceded by the oral stage and followed by the phallic stage.

anal sinuses
furrows, with pouchlike recesses at the distal end, separating the rectal columns; called also anal crypts.

anal reflex
contraction of the anal sphincter on irritation of the anal skin.

anal region
the part of the perineal region that surrounds the anus.

anal fistula
an abnormal passage opening on the cutaneous surface near the anus, which may or may not communicate with the rectum.

anal pit
proctodeum.

anal fissure
a painful lineal ulcer at the margin of the anus.

anal columns
vertical folds of mucous membrane at the upper half of the anal canal; called also rectal columns.

anal cushions
discrete masses of tissue located in the left lateral, right posterior, and right anterior quadrants of the anal canal, beneath the epithelium. They consist of venous plexus, smooth muscle fibers, and elastic and connective tissue. Their function is to seal the anal canal and maintain continence. Hemorrhoids result from p...

anal atresia
imperforate anus.

anal canal
the terminal portion of the alimentary canal, from the rectum to the anus.

anakinra
(an″ә-kin´rә) a recombinant the human interleukin-1 receptor antagonist, used as an antiinflammatory in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis.

anakusis
(an″ә-koo´sis) total deafness.

anal
(a´nәl) relating to the anus.

anakatadidymus
(an″ә-kat″ә-did´ĭ-mәs) a deformed twin fetus, separated above and below, but united in the trunk.

Anagnostakis operation
an operation for entropion. an operation for trichiasis.

anagrelide
(an-ag´rә-līd) an agent used in the form of the hydrochloride salt to reduce elevated platelet counts and the risk of thrombosis in treatment of hemorrhagic thrombocythemia; administered orally.

anagen
(an´ә-jen) the first phase of the hair cycle, during which synthesis of the hair takes place.

anagen effluvium
abnormal loss of hair during the anagen phase, which may occur following administration of certain cancer chemotherapeutic agents or exposure to certain chemicals, or in association with various other factors and diseases.

anaerobic pneumonia
any pneumonia caused by anaerobic bacteria, usually due to aspiration of contaminated secretions from the mouth, pharynx, or paranasal sinuses, such as with the increased bacterial load of periodontal disease or some other infection. It usually runs a protracted course, progressing to lung cavitation with abscesses and pu...

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