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Dorland's Medical Dictionary Category: Health and Medicine More specific: Medical Dictionary County & Date: US, Health and Medicine Words: 200

aortocoronary bypass
coronary artery bypass.

aortofemoral bypass
insertion of a vascular prosthesis from the aorta to the femoral artery to bypass atherosclerotic occlusions in the aorta and the iliac artery.

aortogram
(a-or´to-gram) a radiograph that serves as a record of aortography.

aortocoronary
(a-or″to-kor´ә-nar-e) pertaining to or communicating with the aorta and coronary arteries.

aortic window
a radiolucent region below the aortic arch, formed by the bifurcation of the trachea, visible in the left anterior oblique radiograph of the heart and great vessels.

aortitis
(a″or-ti´tis) inflammation of the aorta.

aortic valve
a semilunar valve that separates the left ventricle and the aorta; it opens at the end of diastole, causing the second heart sound.

aortic stenosis
obstruction to the outflow of blood from the left ventricle into the aorta; in the majority of adult cases the cause is degenerative calcific disease of the aortic valve.

aortic septal defect
a congenital anomaly in which there is abnormal communication between the ascending aorta and the pulmonary artery just above the semilunar valves.

aortic sinuses
pouchlike dilatations at the root of the aorta, one opposite each semilunar cusp of the aortic valve; the coronary arteries originate in them.

aortic orifice
the opening of the left ventricle into the aorta; called also aortic opening.

aortic regurgitation
backflow of blood from the aorta into the left ventricle, owing to insufficiency of the aortic valve; it may be chronic or acute.

aortic murmur
a sound indicative of disease of the aortic valve.

aortic notch
dicrotic notch.

aortic insufficiency
inadequate closure of the aortic valve, permitting aortic regurgitation.

aortic foramen
aortic hiatus.

aortic incompetence
aortic insufficiency.

aortic bodies
para-aortic bodies.

aortic cartilage
the second costal cartilage on the right side.

aortic dissection
a dissecting aneurysm of the aorta; the usual site is the thoracic aorta. There are two types, classified according to anatomical location: Type A involves the ascending aorta, and type B originates in the descending aorta. Acute aortic dissection is often fatal within one month of onset.

aortic atresia
congenital absence of the aortic orifice. absence or closure of the aortic orifice, a rare congenital anomaly in which the left ventricle is too small, so that oxygenated blood passes from the left into the right atrium through a septal defect, and the mixed venous and arterial blood passes from the pulmonary arte...

aortic arch arteritis
pulseless disease.

aortic arch syndrome
any of a group of disorders adding to occlusion of the arteries arising from the aortic arch; such occlusion may be caused by atherosclerosis, arterial embolism, or other conditions. See also pulseless disease.

aortic arch
the curving portion between the ascending aorta and the descending aorta, giving rise to the brachiocephalic trunk, the left common carotid artery, and the left subclavian artery. Aortic arch. in fishes and amniote embryos, a series of paired vessels arching from the ventral ...

aortalgia
(a″or-tal´jә) pain in the region of the aorta.

aortic
(a-or´tik) pertaining to the aorta.

aortic aneurysm
aneurysm of the aorta.

aorta
(a-or´tә) pl. aor´tae, aortas the great artery arising from the left ventricle, being the main trunk from which the systemic arterial system proceeds. It arises from the left ventricle of the heart, passes upward (ascending aorta), bends over (aortic arch), and then proceeds downward (descending aorta); the latter ...

AOMA
American Occupational Medical Association.

AOO pacemaker
atrial asynchronous pacemaker.

anxiolytic
(ang″ze-o-lit´ik) antianxiety. antianxiety agent.

anxiety syndrome
the physical symptoms accompanying anxiety, such as palpitation of the heart, rapid and shallow respiration, sweating, pallor, and a feeling of panic.

anxiety reaction
a reaction characterized by abnormal apprehension or uneasiness; see also anxiety disorders.

anxiety state
the condition of experiencing undue anxiety, as in anxiety disorders.

anxiety disorders
a group of mental disorders in which anxiety either is the most prominent disturbance or is experienced if the patient attempts to control the symptoms. Everyone occasionally experiences anxiety as a normal response to a dangerous or unusual situation. In an anxiety disorder, the person feels the same emotion without any ...

anxiety
(ang-zi´ә-te) a multifaceted emotional state involving feelings of uneasiness, dread, or fear about the future. Besides the subjective emotion, there are often physical symptoms resulting from muscular tension and autonomic nervous system activity, which may include sweating, dizziness, shortness of breath, insomn...

anvil
(an´vil) incus.

anus
(a´nәs) pl. a´ni the opening of the rectum on the body surface. imperforate anus congenital absence of the normal opening of the rectum. Called also anal atresia and atresia ani.

anuria
(an-u´re-ә) complete suppression of urine formation by the kidney. adj., anu´ric., adj. complete suppression of urine formation and excretion, as in acute renal failure. Called also anuresis. adj., anu´ric., adj.

anuresis
(an″u-re´sis) urinary retention. anuria. adj., anuret´ic., adj.

anuclear
(a-noo´kle-әr) having no nucleus.

anulus
(an´u-lәs) pl. a´nuli Latin word meaning a small ring or encircling structure; also spelled annulus. anulus fibrosus fibrous ring of heart; any of four dense fibrous rings, one of which surrounds each of the major cardiac orifices. fibrous ring of intervertebral disk...

antrum pyloricum
(an´trәm pi-lor´ĭ-kәm) pyloric antrum.

Anturane
(an´choo-rān) trademark for a preparation of sulfinpyrazone, a uricosuric agent used in the management of gout.

antrum
(an´trәm) pl. an´tra, antrums Latin word meaning cavity or chamber. adj., an´tral., adj.

antrum of Highmore
maxillary sinus.

antrostomy
(an-tros´tә-me) incision of an antrum with drainage.

antrotomy
(an-trot´ә-me) incision of an antrum.

antrocele
(an´tro-sēl) accumulation of fluid in the maxillary antrum (sinus).

antronasal
(an″tro-na´zәl) pertaining to the maxillary antrum (sinus) and nasal fossa.

antroscope
(an´trә-skōp″) an instrument for inspecting the maxillary antrum (sinus).

antroatticotomy
(an″tro-at″ĭ-kot´ә-me) atticoantrotomy.

antritis
(an-tri´tis) inflammation of an antrum, usually referring to the pyloric antrum. maxillary sinusitis.

antrectomy
(an-trek´tә-me) surgical excision of an antrum.

Anton syndrome
(ahn´ton) Anton-Babinski syndrome (ahn´ton bә-bin´ske) a form of anosognosia in which the patient denies, and often is unaware of, the existence of clinically demonstrable blindness and may resort to confabulation to hide it; it may be the result of denial or of bilateral infarctions of the occipit...

antiviral
(an″te-) (an″ti-vi´rәl) destroying viruses or suppressing their replication. an agent that so acts.

antivitamin
(an″te-) (an″ti-vi´tә-min) a substance that inactivates or inhibits synthesis of a vitamin.

Antivert
(an´tĭ-vert″) trademark for preparations of meclizine hydrochloride, an antiemetic and antivertigo agent.

antivenin (Latrodectus mactans)
a serum containing specific venom-neutralizing globulins, prepared by immunizing horses against venom of the black widow spider (L. mactans).

antivenin (Micrurus fulvius)
a serum containing specific venom-neutralizing globulins, produced by immunization of horses with venom of the eastern coral snake (M. fulvius).

antivenin (Crotalidae) polyvalent
a serum containing specific venom-neutralizing globulins, produced by immunizing horses with venoms of the fer-de-lance and the western, eastern, and tropical rattlesnakes, used for treatment of envenomation by most pit vipers throughout the world.

antivenin
(an″te-) (an″ti-ven´in) an antitoxin for neutralizing the venom of a poisonous animal, often composed of concentrated purified antibodies from the serum of an immunized animal, such as a horse.

antiurolithic
(an″te-u″ro-lith´ik) preventing formation of urinary calculi. an agent that so acts.

antitussive
(an″te-) (an″ti-tus´iv) relieving or preventing cough. an agent that so acts.

antiulcerative
(an″te-ul´sә-ra″tiv) (an″te-ul´sәr-ә-tiv) preventing the formation or promoting the healing of ulcers. an agent that has these effects.

antitrypanosomal
(an″te-) (an″ti-trĭ-pan″ә-so´mәl) killing or suppressing trypanosomes. an agent that so acts.

antitubercular
(an″te-) (an″ti-too-bur´ku-lәr) therapeutically effective against tuberculosis. an agent with this characteristic.

antitrope
(an´tĭ-trōp) one of two structures that are similar but oppositely oriented, like the right and the left hand.

antitragus
(an″te-tra´gәs) a projection on the ear opposite the tragus.

antitrichomonal
(an″te-) (an″ti-trik″o-mo´nәl) killing or suppressing Trichomonas. an antiprotozoal agent that does this.

antitragicus muscle
origin, outer part of antitragus; insertion, caudate process of helix and anthelix; innervation, temporal and posterior auricular nerves.

antitoxin
(an″tĭ-tok´sin) a particular kind of antibody produced in the body in response to the presence of a toxin; see also immunity. adj., an´titoxic., adj. botulism antitoxin an equine antitoxin against the toxins produced by the types A and B and/ or E strains of Clostridiu...

antithyroid
(an″te-thi´roid) suppressing or inhibiting thyroid activity.

antithyroglobulin antibodies
those directed against thyroglobulin, demonstrable in about one-third of patients with thyroiditis, Graves disease, and thyroid carcinoma.

antithymocyte globulin
(ATG) the gamma globulin fraction of antiserum derived from animals (such as rabbits) that have been immunized against human thymocytes; an immunosuppressive agent that causes specific destruction of T lymphocytes, used in treatment of allograft rejection. The term is sometimes used interchangeably with antilympho...

antithrombotic
(an″te-) (an″ti-throm-bot´ik) preventing or interfering with the formation of thrombi. an agent that has this effect, such as heparin or coumarin. See also anticoagulant and thrombolytic.

antithrombocytic
(an″te-) (an″ti-throm″bo-sit´ik) antiplatelet.

antithromboplastin
(an″te-) (an″ti-throm″bo-plas´tin) any agent or substance that prevents or interferes with the interaction of blood coagulation factors as they generate thromboplastin.

antithrombin
(an″te-throm´bin) any naturally occurring or therapeutically administered substance that neutralizes the action of thrombin and thus limits or restricts blood coagulation. antithrombin I fibrin, referring to the capacity of fibrin to adsorb thrombin and thus neutralize it. ...

antithenar
(an″te-the´nar) placed opposite to the palm or sole.

antitachycardia pacemaker
an implanted pacemaker that stops tachycardia a pacing stimulus or stimuli; it may require arrhythmia detection and device activation by the patient or may detect arrhythmias and deliver stimuli automatically.

antistreptococcal
(an″te-) (an″ti-strep″to-kok´әl) counteracting streptococcal infection. an agent that so acts.

antisperm antibody
any of various surface-bound antibodies found on sperm after infection, trauma to the testes, or vasectomy; they interfere with the fertilization process or result in nonviable zygotes.

antispastic
(an″te-) (an″ti-spas´tik) antispasmodic with specific reference to skeletal muscle.

antispasmodic
(an″te-) (an″ti-spaz-mod´ik) preventing or relieving spasms. an agent that does this; called also spasmolytic.

antisocial personality disorder
a personality disorder characterized by indifference to the rights and needs of others; the behavior begins before the age of 15 and in childhood may include things like truancy, delinquency, theft, and vandalism. Adults with the disorder show emotional instability, unwillingness to take responsibility, and an apparent la...

antisocial
(an″te-) (an″ti-so´shәl) denoting behavior that violates the rights of others, societal mores, or the law. denoting the specific personality traits seen in antisocial personality disorder.

antisialagogue
(an″te-) (an″ti-si-al´ә-gog) an agent that inhibits the flow of saliva.

antiserum
(an″tĭ-se´rәm) a serum containing antibodies, such as one obtained from an animal that has been subjected to the action of antigen either by injection into the tissues or blood or by infection. See also immunity and immunization. Called also immune serum. a reagent source of antibody, ofte...

antiseptic
(an″tĭ-sep´tik) pertaining to antisepsis. anything that inhibits growth of microorganisms; this is contrasted to a germicide, which kills them outright. The category antiseptics is also not considered to include antibiotics, which are usually taken internally, although it does include disinfectants, s...

antisepsis
(an″tĭ-sep´sis) the prevention of sepsis. any procedure that reduces to a significant degree the microbial flora of skin or mucous membranes. See also antiseptic.

antisense
(an″te-) (an´ti-sens) pertaining to the antisense strand of a nucleic acid. Antisense strand of DNA, complementary to the sense (coding) strand and serving as a template for RNA synthesis.

antiscorbutic
(an″te-) (an″ti-skor-bu´tik) preventing or relieving scurvy. an agent that so acts.

antisecretory
(an″te-) (an″ti-sә-kre´to-re) inhibiting or diminishing secretions; particularly in the stomach. Called also secretoinhibitory. an agent that so acts.

antirickettsial
(an″te-) (an″ti-rĭ-ket´se-әl) effective against rickettsiae. an agent with this property.

antischistosomal
(an″te-) (an″ti-shis″to-so´mәl) suppressing or killing schistosomes. an agent that so acts.

antirheumatic
(an″te-) (an″ti-roo-mat´ik) counteracting rheumatism and rheumatoid disease. an agent that so acts.

antiretroviral
(an″te-) (an″ti-ret´ro-vi″rәl) effective against retroviruses. an agent with this quality.

antireceptor antibodies
autoantibodies against cell-surface receptors, such as those directed against β2-adrenergic receptors in some patients with allergic disorders.

antirachitic
(an″te-) (an″ti-rә-kit´ik) therapeutically effective against rickets.

antirabies serum
antiserum obtained from the blood serum or plasma of animals immunized with rabies vaccine; used for postexposure prophylaxis against rabies if rabies immune globulin is unavailable.

antipyrotic
(an″te-) (an″ti-pi-rot´ik) therapeutically effective against burns. an agent with this effect.

antipyrine
(an″te-pi´rēn) a compound formerly used as an analgesic and antipyretic, now replaced by safer and more effective agents. Its current uses are as a component of multi-ingredient ear drop solutions and complexed with chloral hydrate in dichloralphenazone, a sedative and hypnotic used for headaches. Called also...

antipsychotic agent
any drug that favorably modifies psychotic symptoms; categories include the phenothiazines, butyrophenones, thioxanthenes, dibenzodiazepines, diphenylbutylpiperidines, dihydroindolones, and dibenzoxazepines.

antipyretic
(an″te-) (an″ti-pi-ret´ik) effective against fever; called also antifebrile. something that has this effect, such as a cold pack, aspirin, or quinine; antipyretic drugs dilate the blood vessels near the surface of the skin, thereby allowing more blood to flow through the skin, ...

antipsychotic
(an″te-) (an″ti-si-kot´ik) modifying psychotic behavior. antipsychotic agent.

antipruritic
(an″te-) (an″ti-proo-rit´ik) preventing or relieving itching. an agent that so acts.

antipsoriatic
(an″te-) (an″ti-sor″e-at´ik) effective against psoriasis. an agent with that effect.

antiprotozoal agent
an agent that destroys PROTOZOA or checks their growth or reproduction. Antimalarial AGENTS are one type.

antiprotozoal
(an″te-) (an″ti-pro-tә-zo´әl) destroying protozoa or checking their growth or reproduction. antiprotozoal agent.

antiprothrombin
(an″te-) (an″ti-pro-throm´bin) directed against prothrombin. a substance that retards the conversion of prothrombin into thrombin.

antiport
(an´tĭ-port) a cell membranetransport mechanism that transports two molecules at once through the membrane in opposite directions. See also countertransport and symport. Antiport: sodium-calcium exchanger. The difference in electrical charged caused by differing concentrations of so...

antiprogestin
(an″te-) (an″ti-pro-jes´tin) a substance that inhibits the formation, transport, or action of progestational agents; the most common example is mifepristone.

antipolycythemic
(an″te-) (an″ti-pol″e-si-the´mik) effective against polycythemia. an agent with this property.

antiplatelet agent
an agent that prevents the aggregation of platelets.

antiplatelet therapy
the use of platelet inhibitors such as aspirin, dipyridamole, or sulfinpyrazone, to inhibit platelet adhesion or aggregation and so prevent thrombosis, alter the course of atherosclerosis, or prolong vascular graft patency.

antiplastic
(an″te-) (an″ti-plas´tik) unfavorable to healing.

antiplatelet
(an″te-) (an″ti-plāt´lәt) directed against or destructive to blood platelets; called also antithrombocytic. See also platelet inhibitor. antiplatelet agent.

antiplasmin
(an″te-) (an″ti-plaz´min) a substance in the blood that inhibits plasmin. The most important is α2-antiplasmin, which acts by forming stable complexes with free plasmin. It is also crosslinked to fibrin by coagulation factor XIII and inhibits the binding of plasminogen to fibrin. Inheri...

antiperspirant
(an″te-) (an″ti-pur´spәr-ant) suppressing sweating. an agent that so acts.

antiphospholipid syndrome
antiphospholipid antibody syndrome(APS) a multisystem inflammatory disorder characterized by the presence of circulating antibodies against phospholipids, with thrombosis (including thrombotic microangiopathy), spontaneous abortion, thrombocytopenia, valvular heart disease, and other less frequent symptoms. A seve...

antiperistaltic
(an″te-) (an″ti-per´ĭ-stawl´tik) opposing the force of peristalsis. an agent with this effect. pertaining to antiperistalsis.

antiperistalsis
(an″te-) (an″ti-per″ĭ-stawl´sis) upward waves of contraction sometimes occurring normally in the lower ileum, competing with the normal downward peristalsis and retarding passage of intestinal contents into the cecum. adj., antiperistal´tic., adj.

antiparkinsonian
(an″te-) (an″ti-pahr″kin-so´ne-әn) effective against parkinsonism. an agent that has this property.

antiparticle
(an´tĭ-pahr″tĭ-kәl) either of a pair of elementary particles that have electric charges and magnetic moments of opposite sign and are the same in all other properties, such as mass, lifetime, and spin; an example is the electron and the positron. Every particle has an antiparticle. When antiparticl...

antiparasitic
(an″te-) (an″ti-par″ә-sit´ik) destroying parasites. an agent that so acts.

antiparallel
(an″te-) (an″ti-par´ә-lel) denoting molecules that are arranged side by side, but in opposite directions. For example, the strands of deoxyribonucleic acid are antiparallel, with their 5′ to 3′ linkages running in opposite directions.

antioncogene
(an″te-ong´ko-jēn″) tumor suppressor gene.

antiovulatory
(an″te-ov´u-lә-tor″e) suppressing ovulation.

antioxidant
(an″te-ok´sĭ-dәnt) preventing or delaying oxidation. a substance that does this, such as any of numerous synthetic or natural substances added to something to prevent or delay its deterioration by action of oxygen in the air. Rubber, paints, vegetable oils, and prepared foods commonly cont...

antinuclear factor
(ANF) antinuclear antibody.

antinuclear antibodies
(ANA) autoantibodies directed against components of the cell nucleus, such as DNA, RNA, and histones; they may be detected by immunofluorescence. A positive ANA test is characteristic of systemic lupus erythematosus. These antibodies are also seen in patients with rheumatoid arthritis, Sjögren syndrome, and scleroderma.

antinuclear
(an″te-) (an″ti-noo´kle-әr) destructive to or reactive with components of the cell nucleus, such as an antinuclear antibody.

antinociceptive
(an″te-) (an″ti-no″sĭ-sep´tiv) blocking or reducing sensitivity to painful stimuli; see also analgesic.

antineoplastic agent
a compound that inhibits the maturation or proliferation of neoplastic cells. See also ANTINEOPLASTIC THERAPY.

antinion
(an-tin´e-on) the frontal pole of the head.

antineoplastic therapy
a regimen that includes chemotherapy aimed at destruction of malignant cells; some cancers are particularly responsive to chemotherapy.

antinauseant
(an″te-) (an″ti-naw´ze-әnt) counteracting nausea. an agent that so acts; see also antiemetic.

antineoplastic
(an″te-) (an″ti-ne″o-plas´tik) inhibiting the maturation and proliferation of malignant cells. antineoplastic agent.

antimycotic
(an″ti-mi-kot´ik) antifungal (def. 1). antifungal agent.

antinarcotic
(an″ti-nahr-kot´ik) relieving narcotic depression.

antimuscarinic
(an″te-) (an″ti-mus´kә-rin´ik) acting against the toxic effects of muscarine. blocking the muscarinic receptors. an agent that does these things.

antimyasthenic
(an″te-) (an″ti-mi″әs-then´ik) counteracting or relieving muscular weakness in myasthenia gravis. an agent that so acts.

antimony poisoning
poisoning due to ingestion of antimony compounds, such as from industrial exposure; the symptoms are similar to those of acute arsenic poisoning, with vomiting a prominent symptom. Called also stibialism.

antimony
(Sb) (an´tĭ-mo″ne) a metallic chemical element, atomic number 51, atomic weight 121.75. Several of its salts are used in tropical medicine as treatments for schistosomiasis. They must be used with caution because they can be poisonous and cause symptoms similar to those of arsenic poiso...

antimongoloid
(an″tĭ-mon´go-loid) opposite to that characteristic of Down syndrome (formerly called mongolism), such as an antimongoloid slant of the palpebral fissures.

antimongolism
(an″tĭ-mon´go-liz-әm) a term applied to syndromes associated with certain chromosomal abnormalities, in which some of the clinical signs, such as downward-slanting palpebral fissures, are the opposite of those seen in Down syndrome.

antimitochondrial antibodies
circulating antibodies directed against inner mitochondrial antigens seen in almost all patients with primary biliary cirrhosis.

antimicrobial sensitivity test
antimicrobial susceptibility test any of numerous tests of how susceptible bacteria are to antimicrobial agents; the bacteria are classified as either sensitive or susceptible, indeterminate or intermediate, or resistant. Called also antibiotic sensitivity or antibiotic susceptibility test.

antimicrobial
(an″te-) (an″ti-mi-kro´be-әl) killing microorganisms, or suppressing their multiplication or growth. antimicrobial agent.

antimicrobial agent
an agent that kills microorganisms or suppresses their multiplication or growth. These agents are classified according to the manner in which they act on microorganisms. One group interferes with synthesis of the cell wall and causes it to rupture. A second group interferes with synthesis of DNA and RNA so that microorgan...

antimetropia
(an″te-) (an″ti-mә-tro´pe-ә) difference in the refractive error of the two eyes, such as hyperopia in one eye with myopia in the other.

antimethemoglobinemic
(an″te-) (an″ti-met-he″mo-glo″bĭ-ne´mik) promoting reduction of methemoglobin levels in the blood. an agent that has this effect.

antimetabolite
(an″te-) (an″ti-mә-tab´o-līt) a substance bearing a close structural resemblance to one required for normal physiological functioning, and exerting its effect by interfering with the body's use of the essential metabolite. a class of antineoplastic agents consisting ...

antimere
(an´tĭ-mēr) one of the segme

antimalarial
(an″te-) (an″ti-mә-lar´e-әl) therapeutically effective against malaria. antimalarial agent.

antimalarial agent
an antiprotozoal AGENT particularly effective against the MALARIA parasite.

antilymphocyte serum
(ALS) antiserum derived from animals that have been immunized against human lymphocytes, a powerful nonspecific immunosuppressive agent that causes destruction of circulating lymphocytes.

antilipemic
(an″te-) (an″ti-lĭ-pe´mik) antilipidemic (an″tĭ-lip″ĭ-de´mik) antihyperlipidemic.

antilithic
(an″te-) (an″ti-lith´ik) preventing calculus formation. an agent that so acts.

antilymphocyte globulin
(ALG) the gamma globulin fraction of antilymphocyte serum; used as an immunosuppressant in organ transplantation. The term is sometimes used interchangeably with antithymocyte globulin.

antilewisite
(an″tĭ-loo´ĭ-sīt) dimercaprol.

antiketogenic
(an″te-) (an″ti-ke″to-jen´ik) preventing or suppressing the development of ketones (ketone bodies) and thus preventing development of ketosis.

antiinflammatory
(an″te-in-flam´ә-tor″e) counteracting or suppressing inflammation. an agent that so acts.

antiketogenesis
(an″te-) (an″ti-ke″to-jen´ә-sis) inhibition of the formation of ketone bodies.

antiinfective
(an″te-in-fek´tiv) capable of killing or blocking activity of infectious agents. a substance that does this; see also antimicrobial agent.

antihypoglycemic
(an″te-) (an″ti-hi″po-gli-se´mik) counteracting hypoglycemia. an agent that so acts.

antihypotensive
(an″te-) (an″ti-hi″po-ten´siv) counteracting low blood pressure. an agent that counteracts low blood pressure.

antihypertensive agent
an agent that reduces high blood pressure; there are many different types of drugs that do this. Diuretics inhibit the reabsorption of sodium in the renal tubules, causing an increase in urinary excretion of sodium and a decrease in plasma volume and extracellular fluid volume. Drugs that act on adrenergic control of blood pres...

antihypertensive
(an″te-) (an″ti-hi″pәr-ten´siv) effective against hypertension. antihypertensive agent.

antihyperlipoproteinemic
(an″te-) (an″ti-hi″pәr-lip″o-pro″tēn-e´mik) promoting a reduction of lipoprotein levels in the blood. an agent that promotes a reduction of lipoprotein levels in the blood.

antihyperlipidemic
(an″te-) (an″ti-hi″pәr-lip″ĭ-de´mik) promoting a reduction of lipid levels in the blood. an agent that promotes a reduction of lipid levels in the blood.

antihyperkalemic
(an″te-) (an″ti-hi″pәr-kә-le´mik) effective in decreasing or preventing hyperkalemia. an agent with this effect.

antihyperglycemic
(an″te-) (an″ti-hi″pәr-gli-se´mik) counteracting high levels of glucose in the blood. antihyperglycemic agent.

antihyperglycemic agent
an agent that counteracts high levels of glucose in the blood. See also hypoglycemic AGENT.

antihormone
(an″te-) (an″ti-hor´mōn) a substance that counteracts a hormone.

antihuman globulin test
direct Coombs test.

antihypercholesterolemic
(an″te-) (an″ti-hi″pәr-kә-les″tәr-ol-e´mik) effective against elevated serum cholesterol levels. an agent with this effect.

antihistaminic
(an″te-) (an″ti-his-tә-min´ik) counteracting the effects of histamine. antihistamine.

antihistamine
(an″te-) (an″ti-his´tә-mēn) a drug that counteracts the effects of histamine, a normal body chemical that among its actions is believed to cause the symptoms of persons who are hypersensitive to various allergens. While the term antihistamine can broadly include any agent that blo...

antihemophilic globulin
(AHG) factor VIII.

antihemorrhagic
(an″te-) (an″ti-hem″o-raj´ik) preventing or stopping hemorrhage. an agent that so acts.

antihemorrhagic factor
vitamin K.

antihemophilic factor B
factor IX.

antihemophilic factor C
factor XI.

antihemophilic factor
(AHF) factor VIII. a preparation of factor VIII administered intravenously for the prevention or treatment of hemorrhage in patients with hemophilia A and the treatment of von Willebrand disease, hypofibrinogenemia, and factor XIII deficiency.

antihemophilic factor A
factor VIII.

antihelmintic
(an″te-) (an″ti-hel-min´tik) anthelmintic.

antihemophilic
(an″te-) (an″ti-he″mo-fil´ik) effective against the bleeding tendency in hemophilia. an agent that has this effect.

antigravity reflexes
reflexes that keep the antigravity muscles in extension to hold the body upright.

antihelix
(an″te-he´liks) the semicircular ridge on the ear anterior and parallel to the helix; called also anthelix.

antiglobulin test
(AGT) Coombs test.

antigravity muscles
those muscles, mainly extensors of the knees, hips, and back, that by their tone resist the constant pull of gravity in the maintenance of normal posture.

antiglobulin consumption test
a test for serum antibodies against cellular antigens. Cells are incubated with the serum sample and then with antiglobulin; any serum antibody that binds to the cells will take up antiglobulin. The amount of antiglobulin consumed is determined by testing the supernatant with antibody-coated red cells; the amount of agglu...

antiglobulin
(an´tĭ-glob″u-lin) an antibody directed against gamma globulin.

antiglaucoma
(an″te-) (an″ti-glaw-ko´mә) (an″te-) ( an″ti -glou-ko´mә) preventing or alleviating glaucoma.

antigenicity
(an″tĭ-jә-nis´ĭ-te) the property of being able to induce a specific immune response or the degree to which a substance is able to stimulate an immune response; called also immunogenicity.

antigenemia
(an″tĭ-jә-ne´me-ә) the presence of antigen, such as hepatitis B surface antigen, in the blood.

antigenic shift
a sudden, major change in the antigenicity of a virus, seen especially in influenza viruses, resulting from the recombination of the genomes of two different strains; it is associated with pandemics because hosts do not have immunity to the new strain. See also antigenic drift.

antigen-sensitive cells
small lymphocytes that when exposed to antigen can differentiate into antibody-producing cells. Called also antigen-reactive cells.

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