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Romans in Britain - Glossary of military terms Category: History and Culture More specific: Romans County & Date: UK, 12122007 Words: 184

Socii navales
Naval allies.

Socii Nominis Latini
'Allies of the Latin name'. Latin league allies.

Socius
Ally.

Solliferreum
Javelin made wholly of iron.

Spatha
Sword. often, but by no means invariably a sword with a long blade.

Spathè
Sword.

Spathè makra
Long sword.

Speculator
A - scout/spy. B - mounted legionary or praetorian serving as bodyguard and executioner.

Speculator Augusti
Cavalryman attached to a praetorian cohort.

Speira
Military unit.

Speira stratègis
Greek term for cohors praetoria . unit of imperial guard.

Sphendonètès
Slinger.

Spiculum
Javelin. late Roman pilum successor.

Spina
Reinforcing spine on shield.

Spolia
Spoils. plunder.

Spolia opima
The plundered weapons and equipment of a conquered enemy champion or commander. To dedicate the spolia opima brought great prestige.

Spongia
Samnite triple disc body armour.

SPQR
Acronym for S(enatus) P(opulus)Q(ue) R(omanus). the senate and people of Rome.

Statio
A - military post. B - tour of duty.

Statio expleta
Completed tour of duty.

Statio frumentariorum
Post of military intelligence service.

Statio vigilum
'Watch post'. police post annex fire department station.

Stationarius
Soldier stationed on outpost.

Statmouchos
A - billeting official. B - civilian housing soldiers.

Stator
Military policeman.

Stellatura
Deduction made by officer from a soldier's allowance.

Stephanos
Helmet crest.

Stigma
Mark, tattoo.

Stimulus
'Goad'. type of defensive trap.

Stipendarius
Soldier serving for pay.

Stipendiosus
Soldier serving for pay.

Stipendium
A - regular soldier's pay. B - year of military service.

Stratarchès
Legionary commander.

Stratègos
Commander. general.

Stratègos hypatos
'Supreme commander'. Greek term for consul .

Strateia
A - military service. B - equestrian officer post. Greek equivalent of militia .

Stratia
Army.

Stratiè
A - army. B - legion.

Stratiootès
Soldier.

Stratopedarchè
Commander. Greek term for praefectus castrorum .

Stratopedon
A - camp. B - legion.

Strator
Soldier in charge of horse supply to the army.

Striga
Pair of barracks housing a manipulus .

Sub aquila
'Under the eagle'. on active duty.

Sub cura
Under the care of.

Sub iugum missus
POW who passed under the yoke.

Sub signis
'Under the standards'. in military service.

Sub vexillo
'Under the flag'. veteran duty with lighter service.

Subarmalis
A - arming doublet. B - type of spear, possibly a short javelin.

Suboptio
'Under optio'. naval soldier subordinate to an optio .

Subpraefectus
Subordinate commander.

Subsidia
Supporting troops. auxiliaries.

Subsignanus miles
Soldier on active duty.

Sudis
Stake.

Summus curator
Senior administrator in charge of supply.

Suovetaurilia
Sacrifice of a pig, sheep and bull.

Symmacharis
Ally. auxiliary.

Symmachikon
Allied or auxiliary force.

Symmachos
Ally.

Symphoniacus
Flute player. musician indicating the rowing speed on smaller war ships.

Synaspismos
A - locked shields formation. B - Greek term for testudo .

Synedrion
Military council.

Syntagma
Military unit.

Synteleia tiroonoon
Conscription levy.

Sysstratiootès
Fellow soldier, brother-in-arms.

Tabula ansata
Winged board.

Tabularium
Administrative department.

Tabularium equitum
Administrative office of the legionary cavalry.

Tagma
Military unit. term used by Josephus for legion.

Tarentinos
Light cavalryman armed with javelins.

Taxiarchos
Senior military officer. used as equivalent of tribunus .

Taxis
Military unit.

Tector
Cavalry trooper equipped with large shield.

Tegimentum
Protective garment worn over armour.

Tegimentum scuti
Protective shield cover.

Telos
Military unit. word used by Josephus for legion.

Telum
Missile.

Terebra
Siege machine for drilling holes in walls.

Tèroon
Recruit.

Tertius ordo
'Third officer'. A - centurion of the third cohort of a legion B - naval officer of uncertain rank.

Tès hippou stratègos
'General of the cavalry'. Greek term for magister equitum , a senior late Roman commander.

Tessera
Writing tablet.

Tesserarius
NCO in charge of the watchword.

Testamentum militare
Military will. soldiers were granted the right to make a will that did not have to conform to all formal legal requirements.

Testudo
Tortoise formation.

Thoorakitès
Skirmisher equipped with body armour.

Thoorax
Body armour.

Thoracomachus
Padded armour.

Thyreophoros
'Shieldbearer'. A - any soldier equipped with body shield B - light infantryman equipped with large shield in Hellenistic armies.

Thyreophoros lonchophoros
Shieldbearing javelineer. legionary javelineer deployed in the four rear ranks of Arrian's battle formation.

Thyreos
Large shield.

Thyreos epimèkès
Oblong shield.

Tibiale
A - legging. B - greave.

Tiro
Recruit.

Tirocinium
Recruit's first campaign.

Titulum
Stretch of wall and ditch in front of a marching camp gate.

Tolleno
Siege crane.

Tormentum
Torsion gun.

Torques
Neck ornament awarded as military decoration.

Tou tagmatos hippikon
Legionary cavalry.

Toxon
Bow.

Toxotès
Archer.

Trabes
Signalling device.

Tragularius
A - javelineer. B - archer.

Tragulum
Missile.

Translatio
Transfer.

Translatus
Transferred soldier.

Transvectio equitum
Annual parade in Rome by the equites Romani at which their horses and equipment were inspected.

Trecenarius
Senior praetorian or legionary centurion of somewhat unclear status.

Tres militiae
The three postings of a full equestrian military career. A - praefectus cohortis B - tribunus angusticlavius / tribunus cohortis C - praefectus alae .

Triarius
'Third liner'. heavy legionary infantry soldier.

Triarius ordo
Centurion of the triarii or pili .

Triarius prior
Senior centurion of a manipulus of the triarii .

Triboli
Caltrops.

Tribounos
Greek equivalent of tribunus . senior officer.

Tribunal
Raised platform in front of the HQ used for addressing the troops or administring justice.

Tribunus
Senior officer.

Tribunus angusticlavius
'Narrow striped officer'. equestrian legionary officer.

Tribunus cohortis
Commander of auxiliary unit.

Tribunus comitiatus
Officer elected as tribunus militum by the comitia .

Tribunus laticlavius
'Broadstriped officer'. senatorial legionary officer.

Tribunus militum
Senior legionary officer.

Tribunus militum a populo
Senior legionary officer appointed by popular assembly.

Tribunus Rufulus
Officer picked by the commander.

Tribunus sexmestris
Tribune serving a tour of duty of only six months. note that there is absolutely no evidence at all to identify this officer as commander of the legionary cavalry as sometimes stated in modern literature.

Tribunus vacans
Late Roman unassigned tribune. staff officer.

Trierarchus
Naval officer. ship's captain.

Trièrès
Trireme. galley with single oarsmen on three levels.

Triremis
Trireme. galley with single rowers on three levels.

Triumphalia ornamenta
The insignia of a triumphator .

Triumphator
Victorious army commander granted the right of holidng a triumphus .

Triumphus
Triumphal entry into the city of Rome. highest honour bestowed on victorious commander.

Tuba
Trumpet.

Tubicen
Trumpeter.

Tubicen princeps
Senior trumpeter.

Tumultuarius
Irregular auxiliary.

Tumultus
Mobilisation.

Tunica
Tunic.

Tunica palmata
Gold embroidered purple garment worn by triumphator .

Turma
Cavalry unit.

Turmalis
Soldier belonging to a turma . trooper.

Turris
Tower.

Turris ambulatoria
Siege tower.

Turritus
Turreted.

Ulpia
Founded or reconstituted by emperor Marcus Ulpius Traianus.

Ululatus
Battle cry.

Umbo
Shieldboss.

Umerale
Shoulder armour.

Urbanicianus
'City soldier'. soldier belonging to the cohortes urbanae .

Usurpatio
Rebellion.

Usurpator
Rebel intent on seizing imperial power.

Utere felix
Use with luck.

Vacatio munerum
Exemption from fatigue duty.

Valetudinarium
Hospital.

Vallum
Wall.

Vehiculatio
Imperial post system.

Vehiculum
Cart. carriage.

Veles
'Cloak wearer'. republican legionary skirmisher.

Venator
'Hunter'. skirmisher.

Veredarius
Courier.

Vericulum
Small javelin.

Verutum
Javelin.

Vestimentum
Clothing.

Veteranus
Veteran. discharged soldier.

Veterinarius
Vet. animal doctor.

Vexillarius
A - standardbearer. B - soldier serving in a vexillatio .

Vexillatio
Detachment. provisional unit.

Vexillatio comitatensis
Late Roman field army cavalry unit.

Vexillatio palatina
Late Roman field army cavalry unit.

Vexillifer
Standardbearer.

Vexillum
Standard with a flag on a crossbar.

Vexillum veteranorum
Unit of veterans awaiting discharge.

Via
Road.

Via decumana
Camp road leading to rear gate.

Via praetoria
Camp road leading to porta praetoria .

Via quintana
Camp road passing the encampment of the fifth manipuli . road dividing praetentura in half.

Via sagularis
Road running along the inside of a wall.

Viaticum
'Travelling money' . pay for recruit's initial training period.

Vicarius
Replacement. A - recruit provided by conscript unwilling to serve in person. B - lieutenant.

Victoria
Victory.

Victrix
Victorious.

Vicus
Civilian settlement attached to military base.

Vigilia
Watch.

Vigilis
Watchman. member

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